GENERAL REFERENCE, DIRECTORIES, AND LINKS

Death Penalty Information Center

CourtTV Library: The Death Penalty - History, Statistics and Articles

Death Penalty Links, History, Statistics, Pro & Con Arguments from the Close Up Foundation. (1999)

Pro-Death Penalty Links from Sean Smith. (83)

Links Toward Death Penalty Abolition (Prison Law Page)

Cecil Greek's Death Penalty Links

Ira Wilsker's Corrections, Prison, and Capital Punishment Related Sites

Yahoo Full Coverage News: The Death Penalty. (News Stories, Magazine Articles, Links)

Derechos Death Penalty Links

Amnesty: On the Death Penalty

Death Penalty and Religion Links by The Theology Library (79)

Ethics Update: Death Penalty Links

Abolish Discussion List Archives 1996-present. (Gail Carelli and Moses Klein)

Amnesty International and the Death Penalty (1999)

Amnesty International Publications and News Releases 1996-1999.

Campaign to End the Death Penalty Homepage

Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty

Death Penalty Links from Canadian Anti-Death Penalty Group. (65)

Fight the Death Penalty in USA Homepage

Death Penalty Links from the AlaPadre.Net (50)

Death Penalty Links (Ky Public Defender)

Death Penalty Links (University of Evansville Criminal Justice)

Colorado College Tutt Library Death Penalty Links. (25)

Death Penalty Information & Resources (American Society of Criminologists)

Reckoning the Death Penalty (ABC News)

Frontline: The Execution of Clifford Boggess (1999)

Frontline: The Death Penalty - Pro and Con (1998)

American Bar Association Focus on Law Studies: The Death Penalty. (Spring 1997)

National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Homepage

ACLU Death Penalty Homepage

ACLU Death Penalty Briefs

The JusticeNet Prison Issues: Death Penalty Links

Campaign for the Abolition of the Death Penalty Homepage Links (41)

Lamp of Hope Death Row Journal

The Florida Death Penalty Page from the Florida State Univ. ACLU

Professor David's Anti-Death Penalty Resources

DeathPenalty.Net Homepage

Cybrary Anti-Death Penalty Links from Talk Justice.(37)

Death Penalty Links from Ohio University, John McVicker.(31)

Cornell Law School Death Penalty Project

Death Penalty News and Updates from Southern Methodist University (Up-to-Date)

Focus on the Death Penalty (Univ Alaska Anchorage)

About.Com Capital Punishment Links (64)

Policy.Com: Links to Death Penalty Articles

Death Penalty Links (pro and con) from Sean's Legal Resources.

Death Penalty Links (pro and con) from Stockton College of New Jersey Virtual Library. (31)

Death Penalty Links, Pro & Con, from Political U.S.A.

American Humanist Association: Anti-Death Penalty Links

Capital Punishment Links from Brasstacks

Massachusetts: Anti-Death Penalty Action Team

Rominger Legal Services Death Penalty Links

The Death Chamber

Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty

Moratorium Now!, a Campaign of Equal Justice USA, A Project of the Quixote Center

ProActivist.Com Anti-Death Penalty Links.

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Joe's Peace Pages. (54)

Decisions, Decisions Online. (Teaching the Death Penalty)

Ohio University Library: Death Penalty Definitions and Resources

Anti-Death Penalty Commentary, Quotes, and Links by Rossy.

Death Penalty Links, Pro and Con, from Weid's World. (60)

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Trans Global Enterprises. (35)

The International Abolitionist Directory (for individuals/with search engine)

American Humanist Association: Social Issues - Anti-Capital Punishment Links

Death Penalty Quotes and Links from The Conservative Digest. (25)

Deathrow.just.nu - Anti-Death Row Site with Recent Anti-Death Penalty News Reports

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Pennsylvania Death Row Prisoner Nicholas Yarris.

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Barbara's Gate.

Speaking Out Against Capital Punishment from Trish Murphy.

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Moses Klein. (University of Wisconsin)

Death Penalty Links from Ezdick (University of Washington). (55)

Death Penalty Links (University of North Texas, Criminal Justice Dept.)

Death Penalty Links from LartopGina.Com (12)

Anti-Death Penalty Links from Fairtrials.Org. (24)

Death Penalty Links from the Political Insider. (51)

Death Penalty Links from the Law Office of Kim Kruglick. (41)

Death Penalty Links from LawLinks.Com. (16)

The Death Penalty in books, films, and songs from Lorenzo and Paolo.

The Abolitionist Bookstore

Death Penalty Annotated Bibliography (Univ Michigan)

Death Penalty Links/Outline from Links2Go.

Death Penalty Books from Amazon.Com

Librarian's Guide to the Best Information on the Net - Capital Punishment

Death Row 1998, Published by Bobit Publishing Company

"Death Row Ink," an interview with the editors of DEATH ROW, from L.A. Weekly (May 1999),

Anti-Death Penalty Books, Films, and Law Reviews, from the Southern Center for Human Rights (1997)

Anti-Death Penalty Books, Law Reviews, and Homicide Studies. (Death Penalty Information Center, 1998)

Books, References, Links, and other Sources on Capital Punishment (Boston Univ)

A Short List of Recent Anti-Death Penaty Books

Pro-Death Penalty Talking Points and Debate Issues (Justice for All)

Death Penalty Links, History, Statistics, Pro & Con Arguments from the Close Up Foundation. (1999)

Death Penalty Term Papers - Univ of Texas (pro & con)

American Bar Association Focus on Law Studies: The Death Penalty. (Spring 1997)

"Capital Punishment on Trial: Which Side Is Correct?" a Death Penalty Research Paper by Theodore Kamis

Pro-Death Penalty Research Paper (David Bragdon)

The TalkSpot News OnLine: The Death Penalty Debate (Real Audio Format, 1:18)

Why the Death Penalty is Fair (Wall Street Journal 01-12-98)

"Capital Punishment: Give It a Chance" by Steve Brinker

Pro-Capital Punishment by Tom Guilmette (Marist College)

Pro-Death Penalty Statement of Michael A. Smerconish to the Philadelphia City Council. (1996)

A Tooth for a Tooth by Jay Johansen

"Capital Punishment: Dud Arguments" from John Spragge (Univ Michigan)

In Favor of Capital Punishment (John Stuart Mill 1868)

Life Without Parole is Not Good Enough to Insure Public Safety. (Wesley Lowe)

The Morality of Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)

"Anarchism and Capital Punishment" a pro-death penalty essay by Benjamin R. Tucker (1926)

Rebutting Cliched Arguments Against Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)

"Justifiable Retribution" a pro-death penalty essay by Diablo Valley College student, Dave Thomas.

"Billy Budd and Capital Punishment: A Tale of Three Centuries," by H. Bruce Franklin. (1997)

"The Death Penalty in the U.S.," a web paper by Lara Lewis. (University of Southern Mississippi)

The Death Penalty Quiz (National or Georgia Version), from Amnesty International Group 75.

The Death Penalty in the 21st Century. (American University Conference Transcript, 1995)

The Case Against the Death Penalty by Hugo Adam Bedau.

The Case Against the Death Penalty by Hugo Adam Bedau.

The Hanging Judges (of the Renquist Court) (The Nation, October 1996)

"The Death Penalty: One Man's Opinion," by Jim McClosky. (The Angolite, October 1995)

Justice Blackmun Dissenting Opinion in Callins v. Collins

"Rethinking Abolitionism: What Do We Do With Henry?" by Thomas and Boehlefeld. (Northern Illinois University, 1991)

The Case Against the Death Penalty by Michael Ross on Connecticut Death Row.

"Arguments for Life and Death," by Honeyman & Ogloff. (Canada 1996)

"Capital Punishment: Facts and Arguments" from John Spragge. (Univ Michigan)

Talking Points. (Washington Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

"Moral and Pragmatic Arguments Against Capital Punishment," by Tom Wilson.

"Why Conservatives Should Oppose the Death Penalty," by Kenneth Haas. (University of Delaware)

American Civil Liberties Union Briefing Paper #8.

Strong Anti-Death Penalty Remarks by NYU Professor Anthony Amsterdam at the Marshall Awards. (April 27, 1998)

"Capital Punishment," by George Bernard Shaw. (1948 Atlantic Monthly)

"Lethal Objection," an anti-death penalty article by Charles Lane. (New Republic, March 2, 1998)

Atlantic Monthly Articles on the Death Penalty from 1948, 1957, 1960, & 1994.

"Hearing the Facts About the Death Penalty," by Julie Polter. (Sojourners Magazine, May 96)

Short FAQ on the Death Penalty from Capitalism.Org.

A Chat/Forum on Capital Punishment from About.Com.

"Death, Legal and Illegal," by Daniel C. Maguire. (Atlantic Monthly Feb 1974)

"Why the U.S. Should Abolish the Death Penalty" by Jon M. Apgar. (The Touchstone, February 1996)

"The Death Penalty: Indefensible," by Allen H. Lutins.

"Humility, Compassion and Death," by Jonathan Wallace. (The Ethical Spectacle, December 1997)

"The Case Against Capital Punishment: Debunking the Arguments," from Creative Ideas.

"Stop the Killing," an Opinion article by Eric Alterman. (Intellectual Capital.Com February 17, 2000)

"The Death Penalty: The Price that Should Not be Paid," a web term paper from Virginia student Meha Shah.

"Capital Punishment Has Too Many Disadvantages To Be Legal," a web term paper from N.J. student Steven Lee.

"Agree or Disagree: A Capital Punishment Debate Project," from Fowlerville, Michigan high school students.

A Capital Punishment Online Assignment from Gavilan College, California (Fall 1999)

Capital Punishment Term Papers from Schoolpapers.Com

The ACLU Abolitionist Newsletter (January 1996)

"The Death Penalty Right or Wrong?" by News Matters. (electric chair photo)

A Short Essay Against Capital Punishment from Derechos.

National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Resolution Against the Death Penalty.

"The Death Penalty: Right or Wrong, and Why," by Zandra "Mongoose" Ellis.

"Capital Punishment: Has It Really Made a Difference?," a bibliography by Josh Barber. (Seattle, 1999)

The Case to Abolish the Death Penalty by Amy.

"Harsher Punishment for Crime is Not the Answer." (Canada Mennonites)

Against the Death Penalty," from Libertarian Students at American Univeristy.

Anti-Death Penalty Editorial: "Public Support Weakening," by Michael Kroll. (CSIndy.Com February 16, 2000)

"Capital Punishment? Facing the facts about the death penalty," by Marcus Bullett.

"An Eye for an Eye" by Yoon & Harrigan. (Reconciliation in a Culture of Vengence)

"The Death Penalty, Right or Wrong?" a short essay by KAZ.

"Against the American System of Capital Punishment," by Jack Greenberg. (Harvard Law Review Association, 1996)

Welcome to The Anti-Death Penalty Petition Center. (Bear's Homepage)

"Hypocritical Death Penalty" an Article by Noe Prado.

"Limiting Death Penalty Appeals Makes Inexcusable Routine," by Brian Carnell. (Western Herald, October 2, 1991)

"The Death Penalty: A View of Opposition" an essay by Doug Berry.

Texas Amnesty International Against the Death Penalty in Texas and the U.S.A..

"Capital Punishment is Immoral," by Brian Carnell in the Western Herald. (1992).

"The Death Penalty: An Inquiry into Man's Mortal Weakness," from Think Quest.

"Death Penalty: Morally Unacceptable" by Steve Homan.

The (Anti) Capital Punishment Pages from Theodore Kamis.

"The Morality of Murder: Capital Punishment in America," by Mark Krumholz. (Progressive Review, February 1995)

"The Morality of the Death Penalty," by Yves Barbero. (1997)

"Deadly Irony: Capital Punishment is Murder, Too," by Thaddeus Denton. (Watkins High School, Missouri 1998)

A short anti-death penalty essay from Guercio's Philosophy. (1996)

Welcome to Hell: "Death on Death Row," by Charla Greene. (September 1997)

Welcome to Hell: "Misconceptions and the Death Penalty," by Charla Greene. (January 1997)

Contemporary Moral Problems: Capital Punishment," by Michael J. Connelly. (Longview Community College)

CCJ 6938: Advanced Seminar on the Death Penalty. (East Tennessee State University)

CRJ 721 - Seminar on Capital Punishment. (East Tennessee State University)

Morality, Politics, Philosophy, and Religion: "The Death Penalty" by Nathan Abdalla.

"Abolish Capital Punishment" a short editorial by Fred E. Foldvary, Progress Report Editor.

"Capital Punishment: A Gathering of Facts", a term paper.

"Who Deserves Death," by Molly Ivins. (Texas Observer, July 4, 1997)

"We Don't Believe in Capital Punishment," by Fred Kolkman for the PATRICK Crusade.

"The Death Penalty: Terror Weapon of the State Against Its Citizens," from the New Union Party.

D.E.A.T.H. Discontinue Executions Abolish the Hatred, by Don Lemaire.

"The Death Penalty = Two Petty Words for Murder," from Laverne.

Anti-Death Penalty Quotes by Respected Leaders.

Famous Anti-Death Penalty Quotes from Rossy.

Statements by the Most Compelling Opponents of the Death Penalty.

Death Penalty Quotes by Camus, Blackmun, and Dieter.

Jerry Brown Speaks Out Against the Death Penalty. (We The People, April 1996)

A Conversation with Actor Mike Farrell, Anti-Death Penalty Advocate. (AOL Chat 1996)

Celebrities Speak Out Against the Death Penalty. (J. Elders, M. Sheen, S. Rushdie, C. West, W. Brown)

Capital Punishment (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Definition of Terms Often Used in the Capital Punishment Debate. (Ohio University)

Focus on the Death Penalty: History & Recent Developments (Univ Alaska Anchorage)

Established by the Justice Center at the University of Alaska Anchorage in the wake of a debate on whether to introduce capital punishment to Alaska. Historical emphasis is 1972 to present, with links to U.S. Supreme Court cases.

Historical Methods of Torture and Execution

Short summaries of methods from beheading to burning at the stake from ElectricChair.Com, with some photos and illustrations.

"Old Sparky: History of the Electric Chair," by Craig Brandon. (2000)

Up-to-date news, Frequently Asked Questions, Timeline, Interesting Facts, Photos of the Electric Chair, and a summary of a book by the same author: The Electric Chair: An Unnatural American History. (McFarland and Co., Inc. 288 pages, 50 illustrations. Cloth $39.95)

Suspended Sentence: How the U.S. Almost Put Capital Punishment to Death

Article from the March/April 1997 issue of Salt of the Earth magazine by Kevin Clarke. Excellent discussion of capital punishment in the 1970's, with factual details of Furman and Gregg. (anti-death penalty slant)

Historical Overview of the Death Penalty from the Close Up Foundation. (Sharon C. Smith 1999)

Excellent historical summary of the death penalty in America.

"Capital Punishment 101: A 20th Century History," by J.J. Maloney. (Crime Magazine, February 8, 1999)

Thorough article discussing capital punishment in the U.S. during the 20th century, summarizing the notorious trials of Sacco and Vanzetti, Bruno Hauptman, the Scottsboro Boys, the Rosenbergs, Caryl Chessman, and Karla Faye Tucker; Also outlines the rulings of the Warren and Renquist Supreme Courts.

History of the Death Penalty

"History of the Death Penalty" by Michael H. Reggio (PBS Frontline), excerpted from Society's Final Solution: A History and Discussion of the Death Penalty. From ancient China and the Code of Hammurabi to the Middle Ages and the American Colonies, a detailed discussion.

Timeline Chronology of Capital Punishment

Brief timeline presented by PBS Frontline:Angel on Death Row (1998).

Capital Punishment: Rising Tide (Court TV)

Very short historical summary of capital punishment from Court TV, emphasizing 1970's but noting first execution in 1622.

The USA Execution Pages

Complete list of executed prisoners in the United States from 1608-1967; List of executed prisoners from 1967 to present by name, date, state and method; British executions.

"Just Revenge: Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty" by Mark Costanzo

Excerpts from "Chapter One: The Long and Bloody Past" of the book by Mark Costanzo, of Claremont McKenna College.

The History of Capital Punishment

Brief historical highlights of capital punishment in the U.S. from Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.

Federal Death Penalty History

Brief history and status of the federal death penalty and death row from the Salt Lake Tribune.

A Brief History of Alcatraz

Brief history of the federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay provided by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Tyburn Tree Homepage: Public Executions in Early Modern England

Information on public executions in Early Modern England, specifically London. Maintained by Charlie Mitchell, Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The History of Capital Punishment (Hanging) in England

Timeline of hanging in Britain; Listing of those hanged this century; Hangmen since 1850; The history and process of execution by hanging, from Capital Punishment - U.K.

The Execution of Caleb Adams

Historical summary of the case of Caleb Adams, who in 1803 murdered six year old Oliver Woodworth in Connecticut, and was tried, convicted, and executed.

The Execution of Caleb Adams

On November 29th, 1803 Caleb Adams was hanged before a crowd of thousands in Windham, CT, for the murder of 6-year-old Oliver Woodworth. These pages contain the fascinating and thought-provoking story of Caleb Adams's life and death, including historical documents related to it.

History of the Death Penalty in Ancient Civilizations

Brief history of Capital Punishment in various civilizations, from the Babylonians and Egyptians to the Romans and through the Middle Ages to today, by Lorenzo and Paolo.

"Dirty Details: Executing U.S. Soldiers During WW II," by J. Robert Lilly, Northern Kentucky University. (November 28, 1995)

Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers during World War II. It describes the crimes, defendants and victims for 18 military executions that took place in England, 1943-1945.

"Executing U.S. Soldiers in England, WWII: The Power of Command Influence and Sexual Racism," by J. Robert Lilly. (1995)

Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers in England during World War II. It describes the purpose of the executions was to control a perceived danger: the socializing of African American troops with British females, and the possible explosive violence between caucasian and African American troops.

The History of Capital Punishment in Alaska.

Excellent discussion of the death penalty in Alaska, including recent legislative efforts to reinstitute the death penalty.

Death Penalty History in Arizona.

Short history of the Death Penalty in Arizona, including list of executed prisoners by name, date and method, with last meal requests, provided by the Arizona Department of Corrections.

The History of Capital Punishment in California.

Excellent discussion of the death penalty in California from the California Department of Corrections.

Death Penalty History in Delaware.

Short history of the Death Penalty in Delaware, including list of executed prisoners, current death row, and execution procedures, provided by the Delaware Department of Corrections.

The History of Capital Punishment in Georgia.

Short history of Capital Punishment in Georgia provided by the Georgia Department of Corrections, with photo of electric chair.

The History of Capital Punishment in Maryland.

Detailed report on the history of capital punishment in Maryland, with a discussion of the recent administration of the death penalty and its problems, and with specific findings and recommendations for the future. (Report Of The Governor's Commission On The Death Penalty, (April 27, 1994)

The Death Penalty and the North Carolina Department of Correction.

Short history of Capital Punishment in North Carolina provided by the North Carolina Department of Correction.

The History of Capital Punishment in Ohio.

Short history of Capital Punishment in Ohio provided by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

The History of Capital Punishment in Oklahoma.

Short history of Capital Punishment in Oklahoma provided by the Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.

"Death on the Gurney: An Idea Made in Oklahoma," by Kevin Acers.

Short article on the origins of lethal injection as a means of execution originating in Oklahoma.

The Death Penalty and the Oregon Department of Correction.

Short history of Capital Punishment in Oregon provided by the South Carolina Department of Correction, with executions and current death row information, and methods of execution, with photo of death chamber.

The Death Penalty and the South Carolina Department of Correction.

Short history of Capital Punishment in South Carolina provided by the South Carolina Department of Correction.

Death Penalty History in Texas.

Short history of the Death Penalty in Texas, including locations and method of execution. (San Antonio Express-News)

Death Penalty History in Texas. (Texas Department of Criminal Justice)

Short history of the Death Penalty in Texas, including list of executed prisoners by name, date and method, with last meal requests, provided by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.

"Death and Texas." (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)

Short pro and con essays on capital punishment, with photos and case summaries of Texas inmates executed in 1997.

Thoughts on Capital Punishment by Rich Geib.

Quotes on capital punishment from historical church leaders, including Pope Leo XIII (1901), and the Bishop of Verden (1411), Massachusetts Colony Laws (1641), French Philosopher Michel Eyquen Montaigne (1533-1592), and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786). (Intended to show that the punishment is often used to quell dissent and heresy)

LEGAL RESEARCH / CAPITAL DEFENSE

A Capital Defender's Toolbox

Written and edited by Karl R. Keys, a Massachusetts defense attorney for the condemned, created to assist defense attorneys who represent those facing a death sentence. Form Motions and capital defense manuals; Appellate briefs; Listing of national and state legal defense organizations and advocacy groups; Law Review articles on the internet; Thorough compilation of general death penalty links and legal research links.

Criminal Justice Legal Foundation: Restoring the Balance for Victims

A California-based nonprofit public interest law organization dedicated to restoring a balance between the rights of crime victims and the criminally accused. Includes summaries of recent cases of interest in California, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court, with index of 30+ amicus curiae briefs filed by CJLF in cases ranging from panhandling ordinances to the death penalty.

Capital Punishment Handbook (1997)

Handbook on the death penalty, with citations to federal and state cases and articles, published by the United States 9th Circuit Court of Appeal 1996 and 1997, downloadable in Acrobat and Zip format.

Illinois Office of Appellate Public Defender - Death Penalty Materials

Homepage of the Illinois Appellate Public Defender with discussion of death penalty issues currently before the courts and death penalty materials available to trial and appellate counsel; Brief bank, death penalty case summaries and full opinions available by download in Word or Word Perfect format.

Capital Defense Network

Online assistance for the federal capital defense lawyer, at trial, on appeal, or on habeas. Overview of federal death penalty statutes, brief bank, litigation guides, listing of legal research sites, summaries of death penalty opinions, upcoming training and seminars.

Louisiana Indigent Defender Board - Death Penalty Materials.

Homepage of the Louisiana Public Defender with discussion of death penalty issues and manuals available to trial and appellate counsel.

Tennessee Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys - Death Penalty Materials.

Homepage of the Tennessee Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys with materials and manuals available to trial and appellate counsel.

National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers: Death Penalty Defense

Lawyer's group against the death penalty, providing capital defense updates, critical "information", publications for capital defense, internet resources and links.

"Conducting the Penalty Phase of a Capital Case," by Susan F. Schaeffer, Florida Circuit Judge.

Detailed Handbook of Florida death penalty trial procedures for Judges, from guilty verdict to jury instructions and sentencing orders. (March 1998)

FindLaw Search: U.S. Supreme Court Decisions 1893-1999

Full text of all United States Supreme Court Opinions from 1893, with seach by party, citation, browse by year, or full-text.

FedWorld Search: U.S. Supreme Court Decisions 1937-1975

Full text of over 7,000 United States Supreme Court Opinions from 1937-1975, U.S. Reports Volume 300-422, with search engine. From FedWorld/Flite.

Historic U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions 1937-1992 (LII - Cornell University)

Full text of 27 historic United States Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions, from 1937 to 1992, including Furman, Gregg, Witherspoon, McKlesky, Booth, and Thompson.

U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions (LII - Cornell University)

Full text of U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Opinions.

Links to State Statutes and Legislation

Complete set of links to statutes, legislation, administrative codes, and constitutions, state-by-state, from Scruffy.

Focus on the Death Penalty: Historical Death Penalty Decisions (Univ Alaska Anchorage)

Short list of historical Death Penalty Opinions 1972-1990.

Florida Supreme Court: Gavel to Gavel

Case summaries, briefs, opinions, and Real Audio/Video of all cases heard by the Florida Supreme Court since December, 1997. (Florida State University)

The Hanging Judges (The Nation, October 1996)

"The Hanging Judges (of the Renquist Court): Once the Court said, "Death is different." Now it says, "Let's get on with it." Feature article from The Nation, October 1996 by Bryan Stevenson, director of the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama.

Justice Blackmun Dissenting Opinion in Callins v. Collins

Full text of the Dissenting Opinion of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun in the 1994 appeal of a Texas Death Row inmate in Callins v. Collins

The Cult of Scalia

A shrine to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, with links to his written court opinions and speeches, as well as a biography.

Indiana Public Defender Commission: Capital Defense

Standards and guidelines for the reimbursement of capital defense expenditures by the State Public Defender Commission to Indiana counties.

LEGAL ISSUES

Cruel & Unusual Punishment Habeas Corpus Reform Prosecutor Discretion Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Death Qualified Juries Future Dangerousness Other Legal Issues

CRUEL & UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT

The Costitutionality of Capital Punishment (Wesley Lowe)

Short summary of arguments supporting the constitutionality of the death penalty as part of the original intent of the framers, and not cruel and unusual punishment, from Wesley Lowe.

Florida Supreme Court Order Upholding Constitutionality of Electric Chair

State of Florida vs. Provenzano. Order of the Florida Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the Electric Chair following the botched execution of Pedro Medina. The Order contains expert testimony and technical information on the execution process. (August 3, 1999)

"High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)

News article on the U.S. Supreme Court opinion rejecting the appeal of Alabama Death Row inmate Robert Lee Tarver, by a 5-4 vote finding that Alabama's electric chair, known as "yellow mama," does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Breyer Speaks Out on Execution

CNN/AP article by Richard Carelli, noting the dissent by Justice Breyer to hear arguments from Florida Death Row inmate William D. Elledge, that his 23 year confinement was cruel and unusual. (1998)

Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Death Penalty / Cruel and Unusual Punishment. (1999)

Feature series presented by Professor Doug Linder of the University of Missouri at Kansas City Law School.

"How Protracted Death Row Confinement Gives Rise to a Cruel and Unusual Punishment Claim," by Kathleen M. Flynn.

The "Agony of Suspense": How Protracted Death Row Confinement Gives Rise to an Eighth Amendment Claim of Cruel and Unusual Punishment. (54 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 291, 1997)

HABEAS CORPUS REFORM

Death Penalty Update: Limiting Habeas Corpus Appeals (PBS Online, July 30, 1997)

Transcript of PBS News Hour segment discussing new federal laws limiting habeas appeals in death penalty cases, with David Crump (University of Houston), Paul Wickes (Defense Attorney), and Bill Taylor (ABA). Also available in Real Audio.

"Does the Bill of Rights Apply Here Any More? Evisceration of Habeas Corpus," by Stephen B. Bright. (NACDL, November 1996)

Opinion page from The Champion, a publication of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.

A Prisoner's Right?: Limiting Habeas Corpus Appeals (PBS Online, June 3, 1996)

Transcript of PBS News Hour segment discussing new federal laws limiting habeas appeals in death penalty cases, and a recent case (Ellis Wayne Felkerin) front of the U.S. Supreme Court on the issue. Also available in Real Audio.

"Pennsylvania Admits It Cannot Use New Law to Speed Up Appeals," by Julia Martinez.

Philadelphia Inquirer news article on admission by Pennsylvania officials that new limits for Habeas appeals are not applicable to their 205 death row prisoners, since Pennsylvania does not meet the requirements of a new law regarding the availability of post-conviction counsel. (February 1, 1997)

Texas Gears Up for Flood of Executions After Change in Law. (CNN, April 4, 1997)

News article discussing the expected increase in Texas executions following a new state law speeding up the appeals process.

PROSECUTOR DISCRETION

"Prosecutor Discretion: Opting Against Death" by Monroe Freedman (Legal Times)

Article addressing the ethical dilemma of Prosecutors who refuse to file death penalty cases and who are publicly against capital punishment. Opinion and Commentary by Monroe Freedman (Legal Times, October 16, 1995)

Robert T. Johnson, District Attorney of Bronx County v. George E. Pataki, Governor

Opinion of New York State Supreme Court authorizing the removal of the Bronx District Attorney from the prosecution of the murder of a police officer based upon his vocal unwillingness to consider pursuit of a death sentence.

"The Federal Death Squad: Who Decides Who Should Die?" by Leo Skolnik. (Legal Times, June 7, 1999)

Legal Times news article descibing how the U.S. Department of Justice decides who is charged and tried for capital murder, and who isn't, under the newly expanded federal capital punishment law.

"Illinois Law Allows for Death Penalty Request by Prosecutors After Conviction."

Article describing death penalty procedures in Illinois, including the power of Prosecutors to request death penalty sentencing after conviction, which may result in prohibited arbitrary and capricious executions, from an engineering student at the University of Illinois Chicago.

INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

"Sleeping Lawyer Syndrome: How Awful Does a Lawyer Have To Be?" by Bruce Shapiro.

The Nation news article criticizing Texas criminal justice in seeking the death of George McFarland, whose lawyer was purportedly asleep during his trial. (April 7, 1997)

Federal Death Penalty: Recommendations on the Cost and Quality of Defense.

Recommendations prepared by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Committee on Defender Services, Subcommittee on Federal Death Penalty Cases, concerning the cost and quality of defense representation in federal death penalty cases.

"Tennessee Death Row Inmate Receives New Trial Based on Ineffective Assistance," by Mike Moser. (Crossville Chronicle, January 1997)

Article discussing the Tennessee Supreme Court Opinion giving death row inmate, William Wesley Goad, a new sentencing hearing after holding that his trial attorneys were ineffective by failing to produce available evidence showing Goad had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from his military service in Vietnam.

"Underfunded and Unconstitutional," by John Holdridge. (Capital Trial Assistance Project, 1997)

Article from the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, claiming that the government's failure to adequately fund indigent defense results in an unconstitutional and ineffective capital defense.

"Texas-Sized Case of Injustice?" by Paul Duggan. (Washington Post February 22, 2000)

Article addressing the incompetence of many lawyers in the Texas system of justice for indigents, concentrating on the upcoming execution of Betty Lou Beets.

"The Evidence of a Lifetime: Ignorance is No Excuse," by Randall L. Wheeler and Julia Pearson. (Kentucky Public Defenders)

Article directed to capital defense attorneys and their responsibility to investigate and present a history of the defendant's life and resulting mitigating circumstances.

Texas: Inmates' Legal Representation Questioned (U.S. News Online, August 16, 1999)

Article expressing concern over the rate of executions and the lack of a statewide public defender system for capital cases in Texas.

"Death Penalty Representation Not Adequate, Critics Say." (Houston Chronicle, October 3, 1995)

News article lamenting that Texas Public Defenders are appointed by the Trial Judge and are overworked and underpaid, resulting in death sentences.

DEATH QUALIFIED JURIES

Death Qualified Juries (National Science Foundation)

"Capital Punishment Decisions Hinge on Jurors Who May Not Understand Their Task" from the National Science Foundation News (January 14, 1997).

"Arguments for Life and Death," by Honeyman & Ogloff. (Canada 1996)

1996 study from the Psychology Department at Simon Fraser University, investigating the effectiveness of arguments in persuading a jury to recommend a death sentence or life imprisonment. (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, January 1996)

Death Qualified Juries (Ohio State University)

"Jurors Opposed to the Death Penalty Act Differently from Others" by Jeff Grabmeier (July 1998)

FUTURE DANGEROUSNESS

"Social Science in the Prediction of Future Dangerousness." (National Defender Association, 1998)

Well-written article suggesting as strategy in capital cases that the defense present social scientist testimony to rebut the State's claim of future dangerousness, by Jonathan R. Sorensen.

OTHER LEGAL ISSUES

"A (Genuinely) Modest Proposal Concerning the Death Penalty," by Craig M. Bradley. (Indiana University)

Article from Indiana University School of Law Professor Craig M. Bradley, suggesting that the jury should be instructed on "residual doubt" as a basis for rejecting the death penalty in capital cases.

Federal Jurisdiction for All Death Penalty Cases

A term paper from University of Virginia student Greg Potts advocating that all capital cases be prosecuted by the federal government. (1996)

Clemency Decisions and the Case of Karla Faye Tucker (University of Arizona)

Memo to the Texas Board of Parole and Pardons on the consideration of clemency for Karla Faye Tucker, from University of Arizona faculty, including a preliminary report suggesting that Clemency Boards meet as a group, provide public explanations for decisions, and that national standards be adopted.

The Death Penalty in the 21st Century

American University Law Review Article (Dec 1995) with a transcript of a panel discussion from a conference of "experts" discussing the future of the death penalty.

Appealing to Ethnic and Nationality Bias in Capital Trial. (Amicus Brief)

Amicus Brief filed in the 5th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals by the International Human Rights Clinic and the Southern Center for Human Rights, in the Texas death penalty case of Ricardo Aldape Guerra, on the issue of the Prosecution's repeated references to the defendant's Mexican origins.

Death Penalty Procedures (Justice For All)

List of 28 separate due process and procedural safeguards afforded the defendant at trial and on appeal, before execution, from Justice For All.

1997 ABA Resolution Seeking a Moratorium on the Death Penalty

Resolution adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association on February 3, 1997, calling for a moratorium on carrying out death sentences in the United States until the jurisdiction (1) ensures that death penalty cases are administered fairly and impartially, in accordance with due process, and (2) minimizes the risk that innocent persons may be executed. (3. until all Prosecutors are villified and all fees are paid)

PARDON, COMMUTATION, CLEMENCY

A Letter to Missouri Governor Carnahan On The Pardon of Darrell Mease

A thoughtful letter by Charlene Hall (Justice For all) written to Missouri Governor Carnahan after the commutation of sentence for death row inmate Darrell Mease upon the visit by Pope John Paul II to St. Louis.

Clemency Decisions and the Case of Karla Faye Tucker (University of Arizona)

Memo to the Texas Board of Parole and Pardons on the consideration of clemency for Karla Faye Tucker, from University of Arizona faculty, including a preliminary report suggesting that Clemency Boards meet as a group, provide public explanations for decisions, and that national standards be adopted.

Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles: Time for a Makeover? (Austin Chronicle, January 22, 1999)

Short article describing the origins of the clemency powers in Texas, the corruption of its past use, and the current procedures calling for the Board to give the governor its binding "written signed recommendation and advice" on clemency petitions.

"Killers Lives Hang on Video Clemency Pleas," by Robert A. Phillips. (APBNews March 28, 2000)

Article with video clips of the clemency pleas of Tennessee Death Row inmates Phillip Workman and Robert Glen Coe.

Pardon Me: 12 Steps to a Presidential (Federal) Pardon, by Jerome P. Mullins, Attorney at Law. (1999)

California Board of Prison Terms: How to Apply for a Pardon.

Montana Board of Pardons and Parole Executive Clemency Report.

Killing Without Mercy: Clemency Procedures in Texas. (Amnesty International, June 1999)

"Who Will Decide the Fate of the Parole Board?," by Erica C. Barnett. (Austin Chronicle, January 22, 1999)

Karla Faye Tucker Challenges Texas Clemency Procedures. (CNN, January 20, 1998)

Ohio Clemency Procedures Prohibiting Attorneys Considered by Supreme Court. (USA Today/AP, 1997)

Illinois Governor Edgar Commutes Death Sentence of Guinevere Garcia. (CNN, January 16, 1996)

Commutations of Sentences is at Heart of Missouri Election Debate. (KC Star, October 6, 1998)

"Racist Killer Lies to Escape Death Row; Missouir Governor Carnahan Helped Him." (March 25, 1999)

"Transplant Plan to Get Killers Off Death Row." (The Age, May 4, 1998)

Virginia Governor Uses DNA Evidence to Pardon Troy Lynn Webb from Death Row," by Larry O'Dell (AP, October 1996)

RELIGION AND THE CHURCH

Death Penalty and Religion Links by The Theology Library (79)

Thorough collection of 63 mainly religious death penalty links on the web, almost entirely anti-death penalty, put together by Gerald Darring, teacher at a catholic high school in Alabama.

Death Penalty Links from the AlaPadre.Net

50 up-to-date death penalty links, with an emphasis on religion from Alapadre.Net (formerly the Catholic Corner), a one-stop Catholic study center, by Rev. John J. Stryjewski, Grand Bay, Alabama.

National Conference of Catholic Bishops

United States Catholic Conference. Links to statements on the Death Penalty from individual bishops, state and national catholic conferences, and from the Vatican.

Pope John Paul II Encyclical Letter Against Capital Punishment

Excerpts from encyclical letter "Evangelium Vitae" (The Gospel of Life) issued by Pope John Paul II on March 25, 1995 after four years of consultations with the world's Roman Catholic bishops, declaring that execution is only appropriate "in cases of absolute necessity" to defend society.

New Papal Plea Against the Death Penalty

Excerpts from December 13, 1999 plea from Pope John Paul II. (EWTN Vatican News Update)

"Pope Ends U.S. Trip by Decrying Death Penalty." (L.A. Times, January 28, 1999)

L.A. Times article by Richard Boudreaux and Stephanie Simon, discussing Pope John Paul's visit to St. Louis, urging an end to capital punishment ion the United States.

Catholics Against Capital Punishment

National advocay group against capital punishment, with a good set of mostly anti-death penalty links, with an emphasis on religion; New language of Catechism of the Catholic Church on the death penalty.

Choose Life: Catholic Teaching and the Death Penalty. (Indiana Catholic Conference)

Anti-Death Penalty policy statement, quoting from Pope John Paul II and the U.S. Catholic Bishops, suggesting that Life Without Parole passed by Indiana legislature is sufficient to meet the need to protect society.

Christianity and the Death Penalty (Justice For All)

Thorough Pro-Death Penalty article with significant Biblical citations and references, with commentary from Justice For All.

Capital Punishment and Christianity (Wesley Lowe)

Thorough Pro-Death Penalty article with significant Biblical citations and references, with commentary from Wesley Lowe.

PFADP: People of Faith Against the Death Penalty Homepage

A special project of the North Carolina Council of Churches, dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment. Statements from prominent North Carolinans from the Ex-Governors to Dean Smith. Short commentary on "7 Myths of the Death Penalty."

Religious Organizing Against the Death Penalty Project

Links to statements on capital punishment from most major religions in the United States.

The Bible's Teaching on Capital Punishment by Logos Christian Resources

Online ministry with citations from Old and New Testament and good discussion supporting Capital Punishment, David L. Brown Th.M. (1992)

"The Sword of the Revenger: The Biblical Basis For Capital Punishment," by Greg Loren Durand.

Lengthy and well-referenced pro-death penalty essay based upon the fundamentals of Christianity. (1995)

Does God Support the Death Penalty? (New Testament Support)

Short pro-death penalty biblical essay by Doug Bullen.

The Pope Versus the Death Penalty by Fr. David C. Trosch. (1999)

Pro-Death Penalty essay criticizing the anti-death penalty policies of Pope John Paul II, with links and citations to the Sequential Authority Structure and the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

Pro-Capital Punishment by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International

Thoughtful pro-death penalty essay addressing the arguments of abolitionists, with emphasis on religion by Kerby Anderson of Probe Ministries International.

"Mother Teresa on Death Row," by Michael Wayne Hunter on California Death Row.

Short article by an inmate on California Death Row, describing the impact of Mother Teresa's 1987 San Quentin visit.

Presbyterian General Assemblies Statements in Opposition to the Death Penalty.

Links to major public policy statements opposing the death penalty from the Presbyterian General, issued in 1959, 1977, 1978, and 1985.

United Church of Christ Statement in Opposition to the Death Penalty.

A "Resolution to Abolish Capital Punishment," adopted by the United Church of Christ's 7th General Synod, July 2, 1969, in Boston.

A Theological Essay Against Capital Punishment by Kenneth Cauthen

Excerpts from the book "Toward a New Modernism" by Kenneth Cauthen, with an emphasis on theology and ethics. (1997)

"The Death Penalty Only Serves to Further Dehumanize Society," by Rev. Dale Turner. (Seattle Times March 18, 2000)

Short but well written anti-death penalty article/essay, emphasizing moral and philosophical arguments.

A Moral, Practical, and Theological Discussion of the Death Penalty (Mennonites)

Death as a Penalty: A Moral, Practical, and Theological Discussion by Howard Zehr. A thorough article from the Mennonite Central Committe of U.S. and Canada. (1987, 1998)

"The Death Penalty: One Atheist's Position," by Ellen Johnson. (1998)

Personal statement of Ellen Johnson, President of American Atheists.

Mishpatim: On Delivering Punishment to Fit the Crime

Thoughts on the Torah and punishment by Rabbi Stephen Pearce, Jewish Bulletin of Northern California.(1996)

Rabbi Black's Statement Against the Death Penalty. (March 1999)

Transcript of Rabbi Black's Statements on his participation in a statewide Press Conference on the Death Penalty in Albequerque, New Mexico - March 1999.

"Jewish Death Row Inmate Fights for Religious Freedom," by Teresa Strasser. (Jewish Bulletin, April 12, 1996)

Article on the struggles of California Death Row inmate Chay'im Ben-Sholom to exercise his orthodox jewish faith, demanding kosher prison diet.

1846 Essay by Church of Christ Minister Campbell on Capital Punishment

The 19th Century Restoration Movement, founded by Alexander Campbell, spawned several distinct religious groups including the Churches of Christ, the Christian Churches, and the Disciples of Christ. This long essay detailes the church view on capital punishment.

1847 Reply to Campbell on Capital Punishment by Tolbert Fanning

Tolbert Fanning on Capital Punishment: A Reply to Alexander Campbell. From: "CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. NO.2" in: Christian Review, Vol. 4 (Franklin College, June 1847).

Reformed Church in America Against Capital Punishment

Reformed Church in America Perspective on Capital Punishment, reports to the General Synod in 1965 and 1966.

"The Death Penalty," from Evangelist Richard Ciarrocca.

Short death penalty policy statement from Evangelist Richard Ciarrocca (Pilgrim Fundamental Baptist Press)

"Objections to Capital Punishment Answered," by John A. Kohler, III.

Short biblical answers to common objections raised against capital punishment. (Morris Fork, West Virginia Baptist Church)

A Social Statement on the Death Penalty by the Evangelical Lutheran Church (1991)

A Statement on the Death Penalty by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, adopted by a two-thirds vote at the Churchwide Assembly of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, meeting in Orlando, Florida, August 28-September 4, 1991.

Christianity and the Death Penalty. (Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

What would Jesus do? Opinions from Pope John Paul and Sister Helen Prejean. What the Bible says. Forgiveness and Grief. What can Christians do about the Death Penalty.

"Capital Punishment" an article from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

An article on capital punishment from The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) by John Willey Willis, as transcribed by Carl H. Horst from the New Advent Catholic Website.

Catholic Bishops of Illinois Statement on Capital Punishment (1996)

Statement on Capital Punishment by the Catholic Bishops of Illinois (February 1996), with the full support of the Catholic Conference of Illinois, Archdiocese of Chicago.

U.S. Catholic Bishops Statement on the Death Penalty (1980)

U.S. Catholic Bishops' Statement on Capital Punishment, Approved by the U.S. Bishops in November 1980.

A Letter from the Kentucky Bishops on Capital Punishment (1996)

Statement on Capital Punishment by the Catholic Bishops of Kentucky (December 1996).

"Catholic Leaders Meet to Discuss Taking Death-Penalty Battle to Masses." (Sun-Sentinel April 11, 2000)

News article describing a meeting of Florida's Catholic leaders, discussing anti-death penalty strategies, to include indoctrinating the masses despite strong catholic support.

Keating's Views on Capital Punishment Out of Date

Anti-Death Penalty article criticizing the pro-death views of Frank Keating, Catholic Governor of Oklahoma, by Fr. James D. White from the Eastern Oklahoma Catholic, April 26, 1998.

Capital Punishment, Death Penalty in Islam

The Islamic View of Capital Punishment. Qur'anic Criminal Justice System - "Capital Punishment, Death Penalty in Islam" - Equivalence is the Law [2:178-179], from Submission.Org.

Message Supporting a Moratorium on the Death Penalty from The Dalai Lama

Statement from the Dalai Lama, read by Kobutsu Shido at the "Creating a Legacy" event (April 9, 1999).

Pax Christi USA: National Catholic Peace Movement

A position paper against the death penalty with references to abolitionist propaganda as well as statements from catholic leaders and catholic teachings.

Perspective on the Death Penalty (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance)

Thorough article on Capital Punishment/Death Penalty (anti-death penalty), with links, from the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. (1995-1999)

What The Bible Says About Capital Punishment by Tom Wilson

Very short anti-death penalty article on Bible passages relating to "an eye for an eye" and "love your enemies."

The Church and the Death Penalty

Very short anti-death penalty essay with biblical references from unknown Geocities author.

Is Capital Punishment Biblical? by Jim Watkins

Short anti-death penalty excerpts from the book "Death & Beyond" (1992) James N. Watkins.

Quaker Friends Committee to Abolish the Death Penalty

Quaker anti-death penalty advocacy and activism group founded in 1993, apparently very interested in seeking clemency for Nebraska death row inmate Randy Reeves, a Native American who killed two women in a Friends Meeting House in 1980.

Friends Committee on National Legislation

Quaker anti-death penalty statement with links; Randy Reeves Case; Statement of Legislative Police; Don't Murder in our Name; A Brief History of the Death Penalty in the U.S.; Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries Throughout the World; Talking Points; How to Witness Against the Death Penalty.

"Capital Punishment: Three Good Reasons for Supporting the Death Penalty"

The Death Penalty honors God, is a deterrent to crime, and is good for the environment, this short religious-oriented essay argues, by James L. Melton (1997)

The Bible and Capital Punishment," from Stand to Reason. (Gregory Koukl)

Well organized study outline discussing the Bible and the Death Penalty. (January 27, 1998)

How the Death of Karla Faye Tucker Affected Pat Robertson's Views on the Death Penalty

Article from the National Catholic Reporter, April 23, 1999, by Teresa Malcolm.

Buddha.Net on Capital Punishment

Anti-death penalty teachings of Buddha.

Interview with Death Row Chaplain Jim Brazzll

Interview with Texas Death Row Chaplain Jim Brazzll from PBS Frontline.

Interview with former Death Row Chaplain Carroll Pickett

Interview with Rev. Carroll Pickett, who served 16 years as Texas Death Row Chaplain, from PBS Frontline.

"Thou Shalt Not Kill" by Joyce Marcel

Short anti-death penalty article based upon the Commandment "Thou Shalt Not Kill," by Joyce Marcel. ("God gives and takes lives, and it is not for us to play God")

Anti-Death Penalty Religious Views by Rossy.

Short anti-death penalty statements from various religions, from Buddhism and Islam, to Judaism and Catholics.

The Clergy Coalition to End the Death Penalty

An international interfaith coalition which supports alternatives to the death penalty.

Death Penalty: The Legend of the Dogwood.

Anti-Death Penalty inmate site from Florida Death Row Prisoner Thomas A. Wyatt, with emphasis on Christian opposition to Death Penalty.

Unitarian Universalists Against the Death Penalty

A social action group and independent affiliate of the Unitarian Universalist Association, organized in 1996, seeking to give witness resolutions of past years calling for an end to capital punishment.

PUBLIC OPINION

Gallup Poll showing 66% - 28% in favor of Death Penalty (February 2000)

Public Opinion Supports Death Penalty - The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ; (In Favor or Oppose DP? DP or LWOP? Imposed Too Often or Not Enough? Has Innocent Person Ever Been Sentenced to Death?)
See also "Support for Death Penalty Drops to Lowest Level in 19 Years, Although Still High at 66%," by Frank Newport.

Polling Report.Com

Up-to-date public opinion polls on capital punishment from various sources, including Harris Polls (July 16-20, 1999), Gallup Polls (February 8-9, 1999); Also includes polls on Fear of Crime, Crime Victims, DNA, and Police.

Public Opinion Polls on Capital Punishment

Public attitudes toward crime and criminal justice-related topics: Capital Punishment. Public opinion polls (Harris, Roper, Gallup, Sam Houston State) from the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics (Acrobat format)

Public Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment

Public support for capital punishment by race, sex, and region 1972-96 (with graphs); 1995 Gallup Survey, from Professor Michael C. Kearl, Trinity University Socioloigist.

Death Penalty Information Center

Public Opinion About the Death Penalty - Alternatives to the Death Penalty; Law Enforcement Views on the Death Penalty; State polls from Texas, Michigan, Virginia, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Kentucky and Canada. (slanted commentary)

Florida Poll Favors Change to Lethal Injection

In a New York Times survey, among the two-thirds of those Floridians participating in the survey who said they favored capital punishment, 49 percent advocated lethal injection, substantially more than the 27 percent who said the state should keep using the electric chair. Thirteen percent of death penalty supporters favored both execution methods, while 8 percent backed neither.

"Support for Death Penalty on Rise After Court Rulings Reshaped It," by Matthew Eisley. (Charlotte News, February 15, 1999)

Short article outlining the increased popularity of the death penalty since the U.S. Supreme Court decisions of the 1970's.

"The Case Against the Death Penalty: Public Opinion," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)

Short summary of anti-death penalty argument that public support for the death penalty disappears when given the option of Life Without Parole plus restitution.

More Blacks are Backing Capital Punishment Now," by Wayne Wooley. (Detroit News, October 11, 1996)

Detroit News article describing the increase in black support for the death penalty from 40% in 1974 to 57% in 1996, according to polls taken by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.

Californians Attitudes about the Death Penalty (1989)

The results of a statewide public opinion poll conducted by Professors Craig Haney and Aida Hurtado of the University of California at Santa Cruz and financed by Death Penalty Focus of California, Amnesty International USA, the American Civil Liberties Unions of Northern and Southern California, and the Friends Committee on Legislation.

"Most Oklahomans Favor Death Penalty," by Bobby Ross, Jr. (The Oklahoman March 12, 2000)

The results of a recent statewide public opinion poll conducted by The Oklahoman/Oklahoma University shows 75% in favor, 15% opposed, with 10% no opinion. Only 51% said that the death penalty deters violent crimes. When given a choice of LWOP, support for death dropped to 51%, with 25% choosing LWOP.

"Despite Polls and Setbacks, Death Penalty Foes Struggle On," by Kristen Campbell. (Religion News Service, August 28, 1997)

Short anti-Death Penalty article claiming soft spot in public support favoring death.

"Public Support Weakening, But the Death Penalty Will Be Slow to Die" by Michael Kroll. (CSIndy.Com February 16, 2000)

Anti-Death Penalty editorial, suggesting that the recent moratorium in Illinois, the defeat of George W. Bush in New Hampshire, the stance of Pope John Paul, and the film Dead Man Walking, have made a significant impact on public opinion.

WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS

Some Twentieth Century Erroneous Executions

List and summary of cases of supposed wrongful executions, from Michael L. Radelet, Hugo Adam Bedau, and Constance Putnam, "In Spite of Innocence: Erroneous Convictions in Capital Cases." Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992, Bedau and Radelet, "Miscarriages of Justice in Potentially Capital Cases." Stanford Law Review 40 (1987):21-179.

Justice For All: A Response to the Bedau and Radelet Study

Justice For All article "Death Penalty and Sentencing Information: The Risk of Executing the Innocent." A thoughtful response to the Bedau and Radelet Study.

"Defining Innocence," by Dudley Sharp. (The Record Online, Letter to Editor November 19, 1999.

Short letter questioning the exaggerated claims of Death Penalty opponents, regarding the number of factually "innocent" death row inmates.

The Risk of Wrongful Execution of the Innocent (Wesley Lowe)

Excerpt from Pro-Death Penalty article, addressing the risk of executing the innocent.

Death Penalty Information Center

Three lengthy reports which include short summaries of cases: "Innocence and the Death Penalty: The Increasing Danger of Executing the Innocent" (1997), "Innocence and the Death Penalty: Assessing the Danger of Mistaken Executions" (1993), and "Recent Cases of Innocence and Possible Innocence" (since 1997).

Potential Cases of Wrongful Conviction from Citizens United for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.

List of 34 current death row prisoners across the country who were wrongly convicted according to this anti-death penalty organization, with very short slanted summaries of their cases.

National Conference on Wrongful Convictions and the Death Penalty (November 13, 1998)

Wrongful Murder Convictions (Illinois & U.S.)

Probably Innocent, Almost Executed by Stuart Taylor (Legal Times 01-01-96)

Justice Denied: The Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted

ACLU: Habeas Corpus Reform Impacts on the Innocent

The Death Penalty: Wrongful Convictions by Lester S. Garrett (Liberty Magazine)

Fatal Flaws: Innocence and the Death Penalty (Amnesty International, 1998)

"The Case Against the Death Penalty: The Inevitability of Error," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)

The Death Penalty Project: Wrongly Convicted (Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights)

"Prosecutors Lie for Convictions" (1999 Chicago Tribune)

"Win at All Costs: Government Misconduct in the Name of Expedient Justice" (1998 Pittsburgh Post)

"Killing Justice: Government Misconduct and the Death Penalty," by Michael Kroll. (DPIC, 1994)

"Prosecutors Are Master Framers," by Hans Sherrer. (Justice Denied, the Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted)

"Prosecute the Prosecutors Who Wrongly Convicted," by Robert Pauley. (St. Petersburg Times September 6, 1999)

"Failure of the Death Penalty in Illinois," by Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills. (Chicago Tribune November 1999)

Truth in Justice: Working to Free the Wholly Innocent of Crimes They Did Not Commit.

Florida: Retiring Justice has "Grave Doubts" On Guilt of Some Executed (1999 AP)

"Freed From Death Row" The story of 20 wrongly convicted in Florida (1998 St. Petersburg Times)

The Risk of Lethal Error in Death Penalty Cases (1998 Amnesty International)

"Life After Death Row: Wrongfully Convicted Inmates Speak Out," by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)

"How Sure Is Sure Enough?" by Jonathan Adler on Missouri execution of Roy Roberts. (Newsweek, March 22, 1999)

"The Wrongly Condemned," by John McCormick. (Newsweek, November 9, 1998)

"The Wrong Men on Death Row." (U.S. News Online, November 9, 1998)

"The Wrong Man." (The Atlantic Monthly, November 1999)

"Death Row Dilemma: What if we are wrong?" by Wade Rawlings (Charlotte News, June 6, 1999)

Guilty Until Proven Innocent. (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

"Innocence Found on Death Row," by Christopher Smart. (Salt Lake Weekly Wire, August 4, 1997)

"The Truth Could Set Them Free," by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, October 22, 1998)

"Exonerated Man (Anthony Porter) Cleared of Illinois Murder Charges." (APBNews March 11, 1999)

"Above the Law," by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, November 19, 1998)

"Death of Innocents," by Jayne Keedle. (The Hartford Advocate, December 3, 1998) "Death of Innocents," by Patricia Grauer. (About.Com 1998) "Controversies on Death Row." (Time June 16, 1997)

MORATORIUM

"Illinois Puts Executions on Hold." (APBNews/AP January 31, 2000)

News article on the announcement of Illinois Governor Ryan of a moratorium on executions today, saying he wants to know why more Illinois death sentences have been overturned than carried out, and citing 13 overturned convictions which have spurred a review of the system.

"Select Panel Won't Be Alone in Studying Death Penalty," by Tim Novak. (Chicago Sun-Times March 10, 2000)

News article describing the recent death penalty moratorium and the appointment of a blue ribbon panel by Illinois Governor Ryan to study the death penalty.

"Illinois Governor Picks Death Penalty Panel." (APBNewws/AP March 9, 2000)

Short news article announcing the appointment of a panel by Illinois Governor Ryan to study the death penalty while a moratorium remains in effect.

"Illinois Death Penalty Commission Launched," by Mike Robinson. (Daily Southtown March 10, 2000)

Gov. George Ryan launched his new commission on capital punishment Thursday on a quest that experts say will explore issues ranging from misconduct by prosecutors to incompetent defense attorneys. He said a moratorium on the death penalty that he imposed last month will remain in place until he is convinced that the system is working. "Until I can be sure that anyone sentenced to death in Illinois is guilty and until I can be sure with moral certainty that no innocent man or woman is facing a lethal injection, nobody will meet that fate."

"Death Row Blunders Spur Execution Moratoriums," by Robert Phillips. (APBNewws/AP February 4, 2000.

News article describing the nationwide effect of wrongfully convicted death row prisoners, which abolitionists see as "hundreds of small successes."

"Pat Robertson Endorses Moratorium on the Death Penalty." (CWNews.Com April 11, 2000)

Asked about a moratorium after his speech at William and Mary Law School, Robertson said: "I think a moratorium would indeed be very appropriate." He said minorities and poor people often can't afford high-priced attorneys and thus don't always receive the best defense.

"Falwell Against Moratorium on Death Penalty." (AP/PilotOnline April 11, 2000)

News article describing the opposition of Rev. Jerry Falwell to a death penalty moratorium, despite Pat Robertson's contrary views.

A Call for a Moratorium on the Death Penalty in Illinois from the Chicago Council of Lawyers. (March 21, 1997)

Resolution of Illinois Lawyers group that very much sounds like the blueprint adopted by Governor Ryan three years later.

"Why I Support The Illinois Death Penalty Moratorium Campaign," by Congressman Jesse Jackson, Jr. (1997)

Short press release of Illinois Congressman justifying his stance against the death penalty and for a moratorium on Illinois executions.

1997 ABA Resolution Seeking a Moratorium on the Death Penalty

Resolution adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association on February 3, 1997, calling for a moratorium on carrying out death sentences in the United States until the jurisdiction (1) ensures that death penalty cases are administered fairly and impartially, in accordance with due process, and (2) minimizes the risk that innocent persons may be executed. (3. until all Prosecutors are villified and all fees are paid)

"ABA Moratorium Demand Not Enough." (NLADA 1997)

Statement of the Board of the National Legal Aid and Defender Association calling for a stronger stand by the American Bar Association.

Moratorium 2000

A campaign for a global petition drive calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, headed by Sister Helen Prejean, Dr. Michael Radelet, and Richard C. Dieter.

"Death on Hold" by Dudley Sharp (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram.Com February 5, 2000)

Editorial by Dudley Sharp of Justice for All on the question: In the wake of the Illinois moratorium on executions, should Texas consider something similar?

"No Ban Needed: Foes Should Abandon Hypocrisy," by Ron Moore, District Attorney.(Charlotte News, June 6, 1999)

Short essay from a North Carolina Prosecutor scolding the hypocrisy of the anti-death penalty movement and its request for a moratorium.

Moratorium Now!, a Campaign of Equal Justice USA, A Project of the Quixote Center

Self-described project seeking to expand public opposition to the death penalty, as well as bring into clear focus the racial, economic and political biases active in U.S. courts, prisons, jails and policing agencies.

Death Penalty Moratorium Resolution from the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom. (1998)

Resolution Adopted by the United States National Board of the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom on February 21, 1998.

Message Supporting a Moratorium on the Death Penalty from The Dalai Lama

Statement from the Dalai Lama, read by Kobutsu Shido at the "Creating a Legacy" event (April 9, 1999).

Illinois: A Call for a Death Penalty Moratorium (Loyola Univ)

A call for a death penalty moratorium in Illinois by the Loyola University Chicago chapter of Amnesty International.

New Jerseyans for a Death Penalty Moratorium.

An organization seeking public and political support for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in New Jersey for a minimum of two years.

"Nebraska Poised to Approve Death Penalty Moratorium." (The Independent.Com/AP May 18, 1999)

An organization seeking public and political support for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in New Jersey for a minimum of two years.

BOTCHED EXECUTIONS

Botched Executions by Michael Radelet at FSU (Updated by DPIC)

Short summaries of 25 Post-Furman botched executions (15 lethal injection, 9 electric chair, 1 gas chamber)by Michael L. Radelet at Florida State University and updated by the Death Penalty Information Center.

Botched and Wrongful Electrocutions from TheElectricChair.com

Short summaries of botched electric chair executions (10 in New York prior to 1939 and 8 post-Furman) from TheElectricChair.com.

The Shocking Truth About Death in the Electric Chair

Thorough and well-referenced anti-chair article from Karl Keys at Capital Defenders Toolbox, detailing the gruesome psysiology of death by electrocution and the rejection of this method of execution on animals and humans by almost all states; Summaries of scores of botched electrocutions, and some history of execution methods, state by state; Detailed history of the Kentucky Electric Chair.

Cruel and Unusual? Prison Editors Help Pull the Plug on an Electric Chair.

Short article by Wendell Smith from the Columbia Journalism Review (Sept 1991), commenting upon botched Louisiana executions and the efforts of the prison magazine, The Angolite, causing a change to lethal injection as the approved method of execution.

Botched Execution Prompts Electric Chair Scrutiny in Florida (CNN 1997)

CNN Miami news article by Correspondent Susan Candiotti following the fiery execution of Pedro Medina on March 25, 1997 in Florida's electric chair, with some interesting quotes from the victim's family.

Botched Lethal Injections (Capital Punishment U.K.)

List and short summary of botched lethal injections in the United States from 1983-1995, from Capital Punishment - U.K.

What if a Stay of Execution is Received After Commencement of the Lethal Injection? (1998)

Oregon Attorney General Opinion on the effect of a stay of execution received by the warden after the process of lethal injection has started. (November 6, 1998)

"Botched Cases Won't Lead to Ban on Death Penalty," by Rich Miller. (Chicago Daily Southtown, February 14, 1999)

Illinois newspaper editorial expressing the view that pro-death penalty supporters will not be swayed by botched executions, and that Illinois still has strong public and legislative support for the death penalty.

METHODS OF EXECUTION

Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1993-98

Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S.; Methods of Execution state by state.

Death Penalty Information Center

Methods of Execution, state by state, with recent news reports of changes to lethal injection in Tennessee, Kentucky and Florida; Total number of executions since 1976 by method used; List of executions since 1976 by name, date, state, method, and race of defendant and victim.

Death Penalty News and Updates (SMU)

From Rick Halperin and Joan Brett. List of executed prisoners since 1977 by name, date, state, method, and names of victims.

Anesty International - USA

Methods of Execution, state by state.

Methods of Execution (Capital Punishment - U.K.)

A listing the approved methods of execution in the United States and worldwide throughout history (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, hanging, beheading, burning at stake, guillotine), with a short summary of the history and procedures of each.

Reckoning the Death Penalty: Methods of Execution

ABC News Special Report (1998), listing the approved methods of execution in the United States (electrocution, lethal injection, gas chamber, firing squad, and hanging), with a short summary and photos of each.

Derechos/Amnesty International

Listing of approved methods of execution in the U.S. (electrocution, lethal injection gas chamber, firing squad, and hanging), with states authorizing each use, and a short summary of the procedures and effects on the body.

Historical Methods of Torture and Execution

Very short summaries of execution methods from beheading to burning at the stake from ElectricChair.Com, with some photos and illustrations.

Historical Methods of Torture and Execution

Very short summaries of execution methods from beheading to burning at the stake to lethal injection, with some photos and illustrations, from the Belleville, Illinois Diocese.

Torture and Death Penalty Instruments

A short summary of execution and torture methods from the middle ages to the industrial era, from thumbscrews and iron maiden to the wheel and the guillotine, with photos.

"The Mechanics and Methods of Executions" by Todd Burgess.

Short summaries of execution methods, including hanging, electrocution, gas chamber, and lethal injection, from Todd Burgess. (1999)

Capital Punishment: Methods of Execution / Botched Executions. (Creighton Prep High School)

Short summaries of execution methods, including hanging, electrocution, gas chamber, firing squad, and lethal injection, from Creighton Prep High School Campus Ministry. (1997)

Death Tools from Lorenzo and Paolo

Listing of various methods of execution through the years (electric chair, gas chamber, hanging, lethal injection, garrotte, shooting, and guillotine), with a short summary of the procedures and effects on the body and photos/illustrations of each. (extreme anti-death penalty slant)

The Law's Hall of Horror from the World Wide Legal Information Association.

Short bloody history of torture in the name of punishment for crime, including descriptions of Crucifixion, Drawn and Quartered, and Burning at the Stake.

Executioners and Executions from Madame Guillotine.

Short historical summaries of various execution methods in Europe and USA, with emphasis on guillotine, with photos.

Capital Punishments: Methods of Execution

Listing of various methods of execution through the years (hanging, decapitation, guillotine, burning at stake, and quartering) with a short summary of the history and procedures with photos/illustrations of each, from Capital Punishments.

The Shocking Truth About Death in the Electric Chair

Thorough and well-referenced anti-chair article from Karl Keys at Capital Defenders Toolbox, detailing the gruesome psysiology of death by electrocution and the rejection of this method of execution on animals and humans by almost all states; Summaries of botched electrocutions and some history of execution methods, state by state; Detailed history of Kentucky Electric Chair.

Electric Current through an Electric Chair

Entry in The Physics Factbook by April Dunetz, edited 1996-99 by Glenn Elert.

"America Pulling Plug on Electric Chair" by Robert A. Phillips (APB News January 24, 2000)

Thorough article on the history of the Electric Chair and the last states replacing this method of execution with lethal injection.

Glass v. Louisiana, 471 U.S. 1080 (1985) (Brennan Dissent)

A U.S. Supreme Court case denying certiorari, where the death row inmate challenges the method of execution (electric chair) as cruel and unusual. The dissenting opinion of Justice William Brennan details the constitutional history of the method and the gruesome effects on the human body.

Electric Chair: History

Short, but well documented, electric chair history by Ted Frank at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal" (1993)

Electric Chair: History

Short article on Thomas Edison and the electric chair by Terry Chan at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal"

Electric Chair: History

Short summary and review of 1998 film by Nicholas O'Dwyer entitled "The Chair", from First Run/Icarus Films, which details the New York experience and the Edison/Westinghouse wars.

Electric Chair: Florida

Short description and history of Florida electric chair provided by the Florida Dept. of Corrections.

"Political Suicide: Florida Lawmaker Suggests Crucifixion. (Goofball.Com January 12, 2000)

A fed-up Florida legislator, Rep. Howard Futch, suggested the state crucify death-row inmate Thomas Provenzano, whose delusions of being Jesus Christ have helped delay his execution.

Florida Supreme Court Order Upholding Constitutionality of Electric Chair

State of Florida vs. Provenzano. Order of the Florida Supreme Court Order Upholding Constitutionality of Electric Chair following the botched execution of Pedro Medina. The Order contains expert testimony and technical information on the execution process. (August 3, 1999)

"Capital Punishment on Trial," by Charles Elmore. (Salon Magazine, September 8, 1999)

Article from reporter who witnessed Florida electric chair execution, concluding that the method is inhumane.

Electric Chair: Florida

Press release and photo of newly constructed oak electric chair provided by the Florida Dept. of Corrections.

Electric Chair: Florida

Editorial comment from Salon Magazine (Apr 1997) commenting on an electric chair malfunction in the execution of Pedro Medina and the callousness of the Florida Attorney General's statements thereafter.

Electric Chair: Florida

Editorial comment from City Link Online on Florida's use of the electric chair, with emphasis on historical descriptions on the cruel and gruesome nature of the execution method.

Electric Chair: Louisiana

Short article by Wendell Smith from the Columbia Journalism Review (Sept 1991), commenting upon botched Louisiana executions and the efforts of the prison magazine, The Angolite, causing a change to lethal injection as the approved method of execution.

Electric Chair: Mississippi

Short press release from Governor on new law changing approved method of execution from electric chair to lethal injection. (1998)

"High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)

News article on the U.S. Supreme Court opinion rejecting the appeal of Alabama Death Row inmate Robert Lee Tarver, by a 5-4 vote finding that Alabama's electric chair, known as "yellow mama," does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

Electric Chair: Georgia

Short summary of news reports of proposed state legislation to replace electric chair with guillotine as method of execution.

Electric Chair: Ohio

Short history of Ohio executions by electric chair, with photo of chair.

Execution by Lethal Injection: Medicine at the Service of State Ordered Killing

January 1998 article from Amnesty International with an abundance of propaganda and rhetoric.

Doctors, The Death Penalty, and Lethal Injection

A bibliography of medical journal and review articles against physicians role in lethal injection executions from the University of Dundee, Scotland.

Lethal Injection: What Really Happens

Texas Death Row inmate site with short description of lethal injection chemicals and effects on the body, with a photo of Texas lethal injection chamber.

"Death on the Gurney: An Idea Made in Oklahoma," by Kevin Acers.

Short article on the origins of lethal injection as a means of execution originating in Oklahoma.

Lethal Injection: Federal

Brief summary of federal lethal injection procedures and the death chamber at Terre Haute, Indiana, with illustrations and Real Video.

Lethal Injection: Nevada

Brief summary and illustration of lethal injection procedures in Nevada. (Las Vegas Review-Journal, October 1998)

Lethal Injection: Ohio

February 18, 1999 news report from Columbus, Ohio TV News 5 on the upcoming execution of Wilford Berry. Summary of Ohio lethal injection execution protocol, with photo.

Lethal Injection: Ohio

Photo of lethal injection chamber at Southern Ohio Correctional Facility provided by Ohioans to Stop Executions.

Lethal Injection: Texas

Execution procedures, witnesses, death row visitation, last meal. (San Antonio Express-News)

Lethal Injection: North Carolina

Short history of North Carolina execution methods and summary of lethal injection procedures, with photo of gurney. (North Caolina Department of Correction)

Lethal Injection: California

Detailed lethal injection execution procedures and protocol from the California Department of Corrections.

Lethal Injection: California

Photos of California Death Row, the execution chamber and lethal injection table from the California Department of Corrections.

Lethal Injection: California

"The Danger of a Kinder and Gentler Death Penalty," by Mary Ellen Leary. (Pacific News Service Ezine Jenn, February 27, 1996). The author's obvious anti-death penalty bias shows in this article describing the unexciting and antiseptic resumption of executions (by lethal injection) in California.

Gas Chamber: California

Photos of California Death Row, the execution chamber and chair for lethal gas from the California Department of Corrections.

Gas Chamber: Mississippi

Design requirements and operational protocol of the execution gas chamber at Mississippi State Penetentiary, by Fred Leuchter, "Expert in Execution Technology." (1989) The Report is designed "for use by all scholars so that they may determine for themselves the impossibility of the existence of the alleged German (Nazi) Gas Chambers." Includes a short history and description of the Mississippi Gas Chamber, with photos.

Gas Chamber: Arizona

Short history of Arizona executions by hanging, gas chamber, and lethal injection, with photo of death chamber.

Gas Chamber: North Carolina

Summary of gas chamber execution procedures in North Caolina, with photos. (North Caolina Department of Correction)

Firing Squad: Utah

1996 Utah firing squad execution of John Albert Taylor.

Firing Squad: Utah

Short comment on Utah firing squads by Ted Frank at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban,misc.legal" (1994)

Hanging: England

The History of Judicial Hanging. Excellent discussion on the historical use of execution by hanging worldwide, with detailed description of the gallows, the noose, the hood. (photo of noose and board used in Washington state 1994)

Hanging: Rope Knots

Excerpts from The Ashley Book of Knots showing the proper way to use a hangman's knot by Lee Rudolph at the AFU and Urban Legends Newsgroup "alt.folklore.urban".

WITNESSES TO THE EXECUTION

The Rights of Murder Victims to Witness Executions (CourtTV)

Listing of the 13 states that currently allow victims' families to watch the execution of the murderer.

An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions

"An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions" by Michael Lawrence Goodwin (Journal of Family Law 1997)

State Senator Chlouber to Witness Execution of Aunt's Killer. (Denver Post March 8, 2000)

Short article on the intent of Colorado State Senator Ken Chlouber to witness the Oklahoma execution of the death row inmates who tortured and killed his aunt 15 years earlier.

"Capital Punishment on Trial," by Charles Elmore. (Salon Magazine, September 8, 1999)

Article from reporter who witnessed Florida electric chair execution, concluding that the method is inhumane.

Lethal Injection: Texas

Execution procedures, witnesses, death row visitation, last meal. (San Antonio Express-News)

"Watching Steven Roach Die: Report From the Virginia Death Chamber ." (APBNews January 14, 2000)

First hand account of the January 13, 2000 execution of Steven Edward Roach by the State of Virginia for a murder he had committed when he was 17 years old. Written by Robert Anthony Phillips of APBNews.

Florida Inmates Can Now Choose Method of Execution. (APBNews January 15, 2000)

Short article on the special Florida legislative session changing the prescribed method of execution from electric chair to lethal injection to avoid the legal challenges to the electric chair, but giving the inmate the right to choose.

Donahue Wants Televised Executions (About.Com November 26, 1999)

Short article on the request of Phil Donahue that the public should get a chance to witness for itself the process by which convicted murderers are put to death. Of course, he offered to host that program and to televise an execution.

Donahue Wants Televise McVeigh Execution (Freedom Forum January 14, 1998)

Remarks by talk show host Phil Donahue to the Freedom Forum Online, expressing his desire to host the televised execution of Timothy McVeigh.

EXECUTION OF THE MENTALLY ILL

Execution of the Mentally Retarded (Death Penalty Information Center)

List of 34 mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name, state, race, IQ, and date of execution, with short summaries of each.

Execution of the Mentally Retarded (Fight the Death Penalty in USA)

List of mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name, state, race, IQ, and date of execution; Texas newspaper editorials and articles.

Execution of Persons With Mental Retardation (Amnesty International USA)

List of mentally retarded inmates who have been executed since 1976, by name and state; List of states which prohibit execution of the mentally retarded.

Eddie's Links

Homepage of Louisiana Death Row Inmate Eddie Mitchell, purportedly having an IQ of 66, with links.

The Arc of the United States, a national organization on mental retardation.

The country's largest voluntary organization committed to the welfare of all children and adults with mental retardation and their families. (formerly the Association for Retarded Citizens of the United States)

Sanity Hearing for Horace Kelly, Awaiting Execution on California Death Row

Real Audio NPR News story on an upcoming California sanity hearing for death row inmate Horace Kelly. (April 1998)

The Imminent Execution of Larry Robison, Mentally Ill on Texas Death Row. (July 1999)

Amnesty International report detailing the trial errors and mental illness of Texas Death Row inmate Larry Robinson, scheduled for execution august 17, 1999.

"Why our Mentally Ill Son is on Texas Death Row," by Lois Robinson.(John Paul Penry)

Letter from mother of Texas Death Row inmate, giving mental history and requesting assistance.

The Imminent Execution of Johnny Paul Penry, Age 6.

Information on Texas Death Row inmate John Paul Penry, giving mental history, including opinions that he has an IQ of 50-63 and functions at a level of a 6 or 7 year old, and requesting assistance.

"Execution vs. Treating Ills," by Michael King. (Christian Science Monitor, August 16, 1999)

Short article on the upcoming Texas execution of Larry Robinson, who allegedly committed 5 murders where the "evidence is abundant that Robison was completely insane at the time of the murders."

Offending Justice: Execution of the Mentally Incompetent (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

Short "fact sheet" on executions of the mentally incompetent from an anti-death penalty point of view.

"The Green Mile: Justice for the Developmentally Disabled. (About.Com January 6, 2000)

Short article highlighting the movies The Green Mile and Of Mice and Men, questioning the propriety of a civilized society putting to death a person who is mentally retarded.

Killing for Votes: The Dangers of Politicizing the Death Penalty Process

Death Penalty Information Center Report by Richard C. Dieter (October 1996)

Judges and the Politics of Death

"Judges and the Politics of Death: Deciding Between the Bill of Rights and the Next Election in Capital Cases" by Stephen B. Bright and Patrick J. Keenan (73 Boston University Law Review 759 (May 1995).

"Pressures on Elected Judges in Capital Cases," by Stephen B. Bright.

Short discussion of politics and the death penalty at the death penalty conference: The Death Penalty in the 21st Century. (American University Law Review, December, 1995)

"George W. Bush: Governor Death," by Christopher Hitchens. (Salon Magazine August 7, 1999)

Article questioning why the assembly-line execution machine of Texas Governor Bush has not become a presidential campaign issue.

"George W. Bush and the Death Penalty," by Robert Bryce. (Intellectual Capital.Com March 2, 2000)

Obviously slanted anti-death penalty article critical of Texas Governor and presidential Candidate Bush for failing to grant clemencies in Texas during his tenure.

The Politics of Crime and the Death Penalty

The Politics of Crime and the Death Penalty: Not "Soft on Crime," But Hard on the Bill of Rights by Stephen B. Bright (39 Saint Louis University Law Journal 479 (Winter, 1995).

Juvenile Death Penalty Bibliography (University of Michigan)

Thorough annotated bibliography of law reviews, books, journal articles, popular media, U.S. Supreme Court cases, and web sites on the issue of the death penalty for juvenile offenders, by Stefan Bauschard. (University of Michigan, 1995)

"The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, 1973 - 1999," by Victor L. Streib.

Comprehensive and authoritative work by Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University, available only in electronic format. Historical background; Execution of Juvenile Offenders January 1973-June 1999 by name, state, date of execution, age at crime, age at execution; Legal Context; Minimum Death Penalty Ages by American Jurisdiction; Foreign Countries; Juvenile Death Sentences Imposed January 1973-June 1999 by state and by year; Current Death Row Juvenile Inmates with short case summaries. (Updated June 1999)

Are They Too Young to Die? (MSNBC)

MSNBC News article by Matthew Butcher, addressing the question: At what age should young criminals face execution? Spotlighting Shareef Counsin in Louisiana. (1998)

"Those Who Died for Juvenile Crimes," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews January 11, 2000)

Summary of the cases of 14 convicted killers executed for murders committed when they were under 18 years old.

"The Execution of Inmate 225822." (APBNews January 13, 2000)

The execution of Steven Edward Roach on January 13, 2000 at 9:04 p.m. - He became the 604th person executed in the United States since 1976, and one of the few for a murder committed when he was 17 years old.

Juvenile Death Penalty Proposed. (NBC)

NBC News article by Clif Caldwell in the wake of the Jonesboro, Arkansas shootings, spotlighting the efforts of an Arkansas legislator to reduce the minimum age for the death penalty from 17 to 10.

Juveniles and the Death Penalty (DeathPenalty.Net)

Short summary of statistics on death row juveniles, with some links.

Juveniles and the Death Penalty (Death Penalty Information Center)

Case Summaries for Current Death Row Inmates Under Juvenile Death Sentences; Facts about Gary Graham on Texas Death Row; Juveniles executed since 1976; Jurisdictions with an age minimum of 18 for capital punishment; Short summary of the work of Victor L. Streib.

Execution of Child Offenders

List of juvenile offenders executed since 1976, by name, state, date of execution; List of minimum ages for capital punishment by state; number of juvenile offenders on death row; from Amnesty International USA. (1999)

Amnesty International/Death Penalty USA Pages: Juvenile Offenders Executed Since 1976

List of juvenile offenders executed since 1976, by name, state, date of execution, age at crime, age at execution; List of minimum ages for capital punishment by state; from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (August 1999)

Amnesty International/Death Penalty USA Pages: Juvenile Offenders on Death Row

List of juvenile offenders currently on Death Row, by name, state, age at crime, race, and race/gender of victim, from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (August 1999)

Juvenile Executions Worldwide Since 1990. (Amnesty International, November 1998)

List of juvenile offenders executed worldwide since 1990, by name, country, age at crime, and date of execution; International Agreements and Treaties relating to the treatment of juvenile offenders, from Amnesty International. (November 1998)

Stop Killing Kids! (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

Organizing a Plan of Action; National Petition; The Role of Students; Photos and short case summaries of two "death row kids" Michael Dominguez and Joseph Hudgins.

Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders (Fight the Death Penalty in the U.S.A.)

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; Minimum death penalty age requirements, state by state; Number of executed juvenile offenders, year by year.

America's Shame - Killing Kids (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

Short summary of statistics to confirm that the United States leads the world in killing kids.

"Killing Hope: the Imminent Execution of Sean Sellers." (Amnesty International, December 1998)

Summary of trial errors, mitigating factors, and international laws broken relating to the upcoming execution of Oklahoma death row prisoner Sean Sellers, 16 years old when he murdered a shop clerk and both of his stepparents.

"On the Wrong Side of History: Children and the Death Penalty in the U.S.A." (Amnesty International, October 1998)

Arguments against the execution of juvenile offenders, with historical and worldwide references, and a list of those executed in the United States since 1977, and those currently on Death Row.

Criminal Justice: Juveniles Facing the Death Penalty

Quotes from repected leaders; Public Opinion, by C. Comnnors at Cor Jesu Academy, St. Louis.

"Not Too Young to be Executed," by Nat Hentoff. (Washington Post, June 13, 1998)

Short anti-death penalty article, criticizing the popular thirst for capital punishment, even for 17 year olds.

"The Slippery Slope of Executing Children," by Kevin Acers. (Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish DP)

Essay noting that the United States has failed to adopt the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. "The word "barbaric" comes to mind. But if we take a look at the death penalty in our own country today, we’ll see that we are standing on a very slippery slope."

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the General Assembly on November 20, 1989.

"Article 37 - (a) No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age."

"Killing Children Who Kill," a web term paper by University of Virginia student Melissa McDevitt.

"Killing Children Who Kill: Finding a Better Solution to the Juvenile Death Penalty," by Melissa McDevitt (University of Virginia)

"Dead Teen Walking: Shareef Cousin." (Time.Com, January 19, 1998)

The United States is one of the few nations that put juveniles on death row. Shareef Cousin is one of them. On Death Row in Louisiana, he may be innocent. Five Part series from Time.Com by Christopher John Farley and James Willwerth.

"Juveniles on Death Row: How Young is Too Young?" by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)

ABC News article on the execution of juvenile offenders in the United States, including a list of all juvenile offender executions, by name, state, race, age at murder, and age at execution.

"Should juveniles face death penalty?" by Laurie Asseo.

Hannibal, Missouri Courier-Post news article from AP reporter Laurie Asseo. (April 1998)

"Y2K Means Execution for Juvenile Killers," by Frank Green. (APB News, December 29, 1999)

Hannibal, Missouri Courier-Post news article from AP reporter Laurie Asseo. (April 1998)

"Prosecutor Seeks Reversal in Kay case." (Palo Alto Weekly, April 8, 1998)

News report on the efforts by a California Prosecutor to try a 16 year old for murder as an adult, to face the death penalty.

Juveniles Against Capital Punishment.

Norwegian anti-death penalty site, in cooperation with the Junior Bannister Foundation.

NPR audio report on upcoming Texas execution of Joseph John Cannon, juvenile offender. (April 22, 1998)

"Too immature to understand the consequences?" If you can't vote, can't watch R rated movies, can't buy cigarettes, then why should you be subjected to the death penalty? (National Public Radio, 8 minutes Real Audio)

The Death Penalty in Black & White: Who Lives, Who Dies (DPIC)

Pro & Con: The Death Penalty in Black and White by Dudley Sharp (Justice For All)

Race, Sentencing, and the Death Penalty (Justice For All)

Racism and Capital Punishment (Wesley Lowe)

"The Myth of Racism in the Death Penalty," by David Andrew Price. (USA Today)

Race and the Death Penalty (NAACP Legal Defense Fund)

"Execution By Quota?" by Rothman and Powers. (Smith College, The Public Interest, Summer 1994)

The Death Penalty is Racist (NCADP Fact Sheet)

Double Justice: Race and the Death Penalty (ACLU 1996)

"Discrimination, Death and Denial," by Stephen B. Bright. (Santa Clara Law Review, 1995)

"A Legacy of Lynching: The Death Penalty as a Tool of Social Control," by William S. McFeely. (NACDL, Nov 1997)

"Race and the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)

"Racial Bias in the Death Penalty," by Violette.

"Killing With Prejudice - Race and the Death Penalty." (Amnesty International, May 20, 1999)

The Death Penalty in Georgia,USA - Racist, Arbitrary and Unfair

"Capital Punishment: A Racist Institution," a web term paper by Virginia student Diane O'Brien-Kumi. (1996)

"The Death Penalty in the U. S. Continues to Reflect our Nation's Prejudice," by Michael Mears (July 1999)

"Class and Race Bias of the Death Penalty," from Amy at Lewis and Clark College.

"Pennsylvania Court Asked to Look Into Death Penalty Bias," by Linda Lloyd (Philadelphia Inquirer, January 16, 1999)

"New Jersey Supreme Court Considers the Race Factor," by Matthew Eisley (Charlotte News, February 15, 1999)

Executing Minorities - An American Tradition. (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

"The Death Penalty - 21st Century Lynching," by Manning Marable. (Columbus Free Press, June 9, 1996)

"Race Shapes North Carolina Death Penalty Debate," by Rocco Cammarere (New Jersey Lawyer, January 20, 1997)

Death Penalty for Female Offenders 1973 - Present

Comprehensive and authoritative work by Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University, available only in electronic format. Number of executions of female offenders in the 20th century and death sentences since 1973; Characteristics by age, race, sex, and victim of current death row; Female death sentences imposed since 1973 by name, date, state, and current status; Very short case summaries of current female death row inmates by state. (updated June 1999)

Women and the Death Penalty: Brief Facts and Figures (DPIC)

Except for a large photo of Sister Helen Prejean and poster child Karla Faye Tucker in Texas, a repeat of the information from Victor L. Streib, Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University.

Women on America's Death Row. (Amnesty International)

Complete listing of women on death row in the United States, by name, state, race, date of birth, with a very short summary of crime, from Amnesty International and maintained by Kuno Sandholzer. (current through 9/27/98)

Why Women Aren't Executed: Gender Bias and the Death Penalty (ABA Fall 1996)

American Bar Association publication of "Human Rights," Fall 1996 by Thad Rueter, commenting upon the obvious gender bias of death sentences, with women more likely to receive mercy, clemency, and commutation.

DeathPenalty.Net: On Women

Short article on women and the death penalty with cites to the work of Victor Streib and DPIC, as well as a plug for a recent book written by sociologist Kathleen O'Shea entitled "Women and the Death Penalty in the United States, 1900-1998."

Women on Death Row (ABC News)

Special Report from ABC News, listing the women currently on Death Row, with case summaries and photos.

"No Gender Equality on Death Row," by Robert Anthony Phillips. (APBNews February 25, 2000)

Article describing the infrequency of death sentences given to women, focusing on Betty Lou Betts and Karla Faye Tucker in Texas.

Capital Punishment U.K.: The Female Hanged

Case summaries of the 38 women hanged in Britain for murder since 1868.

Dead Women Waiting: Who's Who on Death Row," by Sam Howe Verhovek (New York Times, February 8, 1998)

Short news article on female death row inmates, with photos of 12 from around the country.

"Fighting Demons on Death Row," by Kathie Doby (Salon Magazine)

The story of Andrea Hicks Jackson on Florida Death Row. (Salon Magazine, December 1995)

The Case of Karla Faye Tucker

Links to the Home Page and statements of Karla Faye Tucker and news reports of her case, her appeals, and her execution, from The Law Lounge.

"Karla Faye Tucker: Why So Many Want to Save Her, " by S.C. Gwynne Austin. (Time.Com, January 19, 1998)

Karla Faye Tucker is the nicest woman on Death Row. while she is removed from the person who committed her horrible crime, she most certainly will be the one to die for it.

Women Speak Out In Prison and Death Row.

An online E-Zine with articles written by and about women on death row, particluarly in Texas; with a list of all women on death row in the United States.

The Case of Mary Surratt, first woman executed in the United States.

The life story of Mary Surratt and her involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Compiled from the research of James O. Hall, published and copyrighted by the Surratt Society of Clinton, Maryland.

Evidence that the Death Penalty Deters by David Bragdon.

Incapacitation and Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty. (Justice For All)

The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment. (Wesley Lowe)

"Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime?" by Jay Johansen. (1998)

"Capital Punishment Saves Lives." (Southern Economic Journal, July 1985)

Is the death penalty a deterrent against crime? by Nicholas Fabian.

Deterrence and the Death Penalty: The Views of Experts (Radelet & Akers).

Deterrence and the Death Penalty. (DPIC)

"The Case Against the Death Penalty: Deterrence," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)

Anti-Death Penalty Essay by Jake Ortman, University of Oregon.

The Death Penalty: An Ineffective Deterrent by John Morrison. (The Tech MIT)

Deterrence: Fact or Fiction? (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

"Purposes of the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)

The Death Penalty - Deterrence," by Alex Thio. (Sociology Online, 3rd Edition 1998)

"Does Crime Pay? Yes, Small Chance of a Big Punishment," by Steven E. Landsburg(Lycos News December 8, 1999)

Convicted Murderer Kills Fellow Inmate, Sentenced to Death (Charlotte News, March 24, 1999)

Trial Nears for Texas Death Row Inmate Charged with Killing Fellow Prisoner. (Corpus Christi Online, October 26, 1998)

"Needle Not Needed After Murder on New Jersey Death Row," by Bill Hoffman. (NY Post, September 8, 1999)

"Mississippi Death Row Inmate Stabbed to Death by Fellow Inmate." (Amarillo.Net/AP, January 5, 1999)

N.C. Death Row Inmate, Tommy Noell: Sentence Commuted, Paroled, and Kills Again. (WRAL, November 7, 1998)

Texas Death Row Inmate Stabbed 54 Times. (Amarillo Globe-News, November 5, 1998)

Garner v. Jones (March 28, 2000) Escaped while serving a life sentence for murder, committed another murder, and was sentenced to a second life term.

The Costs of LWOP versus the Death Penalty. (Justice For All)

Capital Punishment and its Cost. (Wesley Lowe)

"The Costs of Capital Punishment and Life Imprisonment," by Lila Hoffman-Thome. (1996)

"An Economic Analysis of the Death Penalty," by Martin Kasten, Illinois State University. (1996)

Millions Misspent: The High Costs of the Death Penalty. (DPIC)

Financial Facts Against the Death Penalty. (DPIC)

Death Penalty Costs in California.

"Is Death Penalty Too Costly for State?" by Alex Fryer. (Seattle Times March 10, 2000)

"The Economics of Capital Punishment," by Phil Porter.

"The Economics of Capital Punishment," by Kathryn M. Buehler, Oriskany, New York Schools. (1997)

"The Case Against the Death Penalty: Financial Costs," by Hugo Adam Bedau. (July 1992)

Millions To Kill -- Pennies To Heal. (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

"Poor County Pays in Taxes for Killers' Appeals," by Allen Breed (AP/The Daily Camera, March 21, 1999)

"Should The State Pay For Organ Transplants For Death-Row Prisoners?" from Physicians Weekly.(June 1996)

AFTER RELEASE FROM DEATH ROW

N.C. Death Row Inmate, Tommy Noell: Sentence Commuted, Paroled, and Kills Again. (WRAL, November 7, 1998)

Tommy Noell had his North Carolina death sentence commuted to life imprisonment in 1976, and was released after serving 14 years imprisonment. Five years after his release, Noell was convicted of Second Degree Murder and sentenced to life in prison a second time. This is a TV report from WRAL in Raleigh, North Carolina. (November 7, 1998)

Life after Death Row for N.C. Inmate Ed McKenna, now in Minimum Security. (WRAL Channel 5, November 19, 1998)

After being sentenced to death in the 1970's for murdering a Raleigh policeman, North Carolina's death penalty statute was ruled unconstitutional and Ed McKenna was released from death row and now serves his time in a minimum security prison. He is eligible for parole later this year.

"Former Death Row Inmate Given Second Life By Courts (WRAL Channel 5, November 5, 1998)

James Woodson had his death sentence reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court in the famous case of Woodson v. North Carolina, striking down the "automatic" sentence under North Carolina law in 1976. Since his release, he has been seen more often in church than on the streets.

"Ex-Death Row Inmate Plans to Sue Cops." (APBNews/AP OCTOBER 21, 1999)

Short article on the anticipated lawsuit of Anthony Porter, freed and exonerated from Illinois Death Row after 15 years with the help of Northwestern Journalism students, seeking compensation from police who allegedly framed him.

"Freed Death Row Inmate Jailed Again. (APBNews/AP March 24, 1999)

Short article on the domestic battery arrest of Anthony Porter, freed from Illinois Death Row after 15 years with the help of Northwestern Journalism students, days after his release from prison.

VICTIM'S FAMILIES

MurderVictims.Com

A victims resource from "Justice For All," serving as a memorial to the many innocent victims of violent crime and a source for murder statistics, news items, discussion and information. Places the focus back on the victim instead of the perpetrator. Victim survivors can come here to find help, ask questions, give and get advice.

Vengence and Closure for the Victims of Murder

US News & World Reports 1997 Cover Story: "The Place for Vengeance." An examination of whether comfort and closure for the grieving families of murder victims is found by the execution of the murderer.

Journey of Hope . . . From Violence to Healing

Billed as an abolitionist educational organization, with the expressed purpose of spotlighting murder victims family members who do not seek revenge, instead choosing compassion and forgiveness. Co-founder Bill Pelke is a grandson of Ruth Pelke, the victim of 15 year old Paula Cooper, formerly on Indiana's Death Row. The group sponsors a tour bus trip from state to state, seeking media attention against the death penalty.

Justice Against Crime Talking

An organization created by the father of a murder victim, dedicated to bringing judicial reform on behalf of law and order and crime victims, with an emphasis on California laws and legislation. Espousing the motto: "Timely retribution is Truly Justice Against Crime." (Last updated 1997; formerly Citizens for Law and Order Talking)

Concerned Families of Homicide Victims Homepage

Support group created by Grace Antrobus, Mother of a murder victim.

Murder Victim Families for Reconciliation

Virginia support group for murder victims families, providing information about the needs and concerns of victims' families who are opposed to the death penalty in all situations.

"Victims and the Death Penalty." (American Bar Association Focus, Spring 1997)

ABA Forum with John McAdams, James Acker, Leigh Bienen, and James Coleman, discussing the degree and emphasis that should be directed toward the victims as opposed to the defendants in the death penalty debate.

The Rights of Murder Victims to Witness Executions (CourtTV)

Listing of the 13 states that currently allow victims' families to watch the execution of the murderer.

An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions

"An Argument Against Allowing the Families of Murder Victims to View Executions" by Michael Lawrence Goodwin (Journal of Family Law 1997)

Leaven of Forgiveness by Penn (Murder Victims' Families for Reconciliation)

"Leaven of Forgiveness: Murder Victims' Families Stand Against the Death Penalty," an article on the organization Murder Victim Families for Reconciliation, spotlighting Bill Pelke (Indiana) and Marietta Jaeger (Michigan), both of whom had close family members murdered and testified against the death penalty, by Mary Sue Penn in Sojourners Online Magazine. (1995)

"Closure or No Closure?: Family Members of Murder Victims Reflect on Execution," by Buck Wolf. (ABC News, December 15, 1998)

Short ABC News article on how the families of murder victims cope with the execution, including Oklahoma state lawmaker Brooks Douglass, who helped write a law allowing the victims to witness the execution, and he did just that.

"Execution is Closure, Victims Say," by Sam Stanton and M.S. Enkoji. (Sacramento Bee March 16, 2000)

Short news article on the execution of the California Hilltop Rapist and the views of his victims' families who say they feel closure.

"Man Using Replica of Electric Chair in Execution Campaign." (Alabama Live/AP March 20, 2000)

The father of an Alabama murder victim has built a replica of Alabama's electric chair, known as "yellow mama." Each day he puts the chair in his pickup for display in protest. Messages on the side of the truck read: "Criminals, do they vote or just run the state?" "Cruelty to murderers, what a joke."

"Victims' Rights - and Wrongs in the McVeigh Trial." by Bruce Shapiro. (Salon Magazine, June 13, 1997)

Why the Prosecution did not let us hear from the relatives of the dead who did not want Timothy McVeigh to die?

"Working with the Victim's Survivors in Death Penalty Cases," by Russell Stetler. (NACDL, June 1999)

Primer for capital defense attorneys on contacting and winning over the families of the murder victim.

"The Right of Victims to be Heard." (National Victims Center)

A discussion of the right of victims and families to be heard at sentencing, and at parole and clemency hearings, with a listing of rights state by state.

Making Murder Victim Families a Party in New Jersey Capital Cases

July 1, 1996 news article By Maureen Castellano on New Jersey Supreme Court opinion making families of murder victims parties in capital cases for the first time, and allowing victim-impact evidence with restrictions.

"A Son on Death Row," by Barbara Lewis. (Friends Committee, Summer 1995)

Short anti-death penalty essay from the mother of a murderer on death row.

"Mercy, Compassion, and Forgiveness," by Kathy Dillon. (Friends Committee, Summer 1995)

Short anti-death penalty essay from the daughter of a state trooper murdered 20 years earlier.

"Sailing Toward an Ocean of Light," by Teresa Mathis. (Friends Committee, Spring 1996)

Short anti-death penalty essay from the sister of a murder victim.

"North Carolina Murder Victim's Relative Fights Death Denalty," by Patrick O'Neill (News& Observer, March 31, 1997)

North Carolina Minister Marion Wilson (72), whose daughter-in-law was murdered in 1985, joins others in asking Governor Hunt to commute the death sentence of Philip E. Wilkinson, convicted of murdering a 37 year old mother and her two children in 1991.

"Victim's Daughter Forgives, But Cannot Forget Former Death Row Inmate." (November 7, 1998)

WRAL Channel 5 Raleigh, North Carolina TV News report by Stuart Watson, on Linda Backer, who was 14 months old when her mother was murdered by former death row inmate Gary Bock, who was paroled in 1992 after 19 years in prison.

A Perspective Against Capital Punishment by the Mother of a Murder Victim

Biographical essay from Anne Coleman, the mother of a murder victim, and the Delaware State Abolition Coordinator for Amnesty International.

Throw Away the Keys: A Tribute to Murder Victim Jeremy Peter Flachbart.

Short pages devoted to a Tennessee murder victim, detailing the failue of the system in obtaining justice against the killer.

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (SMU)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Amnesty)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Critical Criminology)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (University of Alaska Anchorage)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Capital Defenders Toolbox)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Links Toward Abolition)

Death Row Prisoner Web Pages. (Yahoo)

The Lamp of Hope Project.

The Canadian Lamp of Hope Project.

Gary Graham (Texas) and the Anti-Death Penalty Movement: A Case Study Of Lies. (Justice For All)

Dead Men Talking: The Web May be a Way Out. (24 Hours in Cyberspace)

"Prisoners on Death Row Take Pleas to Cyberspace." by Kayce T. Ataiyero. (Maryland Newsnet, November 13, 1998)

Departments of Correction Homepages. (State by State)

Cyberspace Inmates: Rehabilitation Through Correspondence.

Lifelines: Supporting Prisoners on Death Row Through Letter Writing Pen-Friends.

Death Row Penn-Pals.

Project Damocles. (Death Row Penn-Pals)

Postmark: "Death Row U.S.A." - Death Row "Mother" (Cleveland Sun, February 20, 1997)

Arizona: Michael Correll

Arizona: Efren Medina

Arizona: Debra Jean Milke

Arizona: Richard Rossi

Arizona: Teddy Washington

Arkansas: Damien Echols

Arkansas: Christina M. Riggs

California: Steven Ainsworth

California: Dean Carter "Dead Man Talkin'"

California: Scott Collins

California: Horace Kelly

California: Tom Thompson

Delaware: Jack Outten

Florida: Lancelot Armstrong

Florida: Ronald Clark

Florida: Henry Davis

Florida: Amos King

Florida: Harold Gene Lucas

Florida: Krishna Maharaj

Florida: Troy Merck

Florida: Milo Rose

Florida: Paul Scott

Florida: Paul Scott

Florida: Gerald E. Stano

Florida: Thomas A. Wyatt

Florida: Thomas A. Wyatt (The Legend of the Dogwood)

Florida: Tommy Zeigler

Georgia: Robert Butts

Idaho: Mark Lankford

Idaho: Robin Lee Row

Illinois: Ron Burt

Illinois: Aaron Patterson

Indiana: Rufus Averhart (Zolo Agona Azania)

Indiana: Christopher Peterson (Obadyah Ben-Yisrayal)

Indiana: Gregory Rouster (Gamba Mateen Rastafari)

Kentucky: The State-Sponsored Killing of Harold McQueen

Louisiana: Shareef Cousin

Louisiana: John Thompson

Missouri: The International Bannister Foundation (Alan J. Bannister)

New Jersey: Anthony Di Frisco

Ohio: Kenneth Richey

Ohio: Kenneth Richey

Pennsylvania: The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal: Refuse and Resist

Pennsylvania: Mumia Abu-Jamal News Service

Pennsylvania: Free Mumia Abu Jamal (Pennsylvania)

Pennsylvania: Justice 4 Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)

Pennsylvania: Tribute to Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)

Pennsylvania: Jermont Cox

Pennsylvania: Jimmy Dennis

Pennsylvania: Thomas J. Gorby

Pennsylvania: Anthony Fletcher

Pennsylvania: Ralph Stokes

Pennsylvania: Melvin Troy

Pennsylvania: Nicholas Yarris

Tennessee: Wayne Bates

Tennessee: Jeffrey Dicks

Texas: Domingo Cantu

Texas: George Cordova

Texas: Robert Coulson

Texas: John Dewberry

Texas: Jeffrey Doughtie

Texas: Martin A. Draughon

Texas: Richard Drinkard

Texas: Emile Duhamel

Texas: Wayne East

Texas: Robert Fratta

Texas: Norman Evans Green

Texas: Gene Hathorn

Texas: David Lee Herman

Texas: David Hicks

Texas: Bobby Ray Hopkins

Texas: Jimmy Jackson

Texas: Miguel Angel Martinez

Texas: Miguel Angel Martinez

Texas: Michael L. McBrides

Texas: Eddie Mitchell

Texas: Michael Patrick Moore

Texas: Pam Perillo

Texas: Larry Keith Robison

Texas: Darlie Routier

Texas: James Session

Texas: Michael Sharp: The Jericho Road

Texas: Hank Skinner

Texas: Hank Skinner

Texas: Max Soffar

Texas: Max Soffar

Texas: Karla Faye Tucker

Texas: Bobby West

Texas: Nanon Williams

Virginia: Earl Bramblett

Virginia: Joseph Roger O'Dell

MUMIA ABU-JAMAL

Justice 4 Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)

Website dedicated to the Philadelphia Police Officer murdered by Mumia Abu Jamal, the prolific "journalist" convicted and sentenced to death in 1982, who has mounted an aggressive web campaign of disinformation. Facts from the trial and appeal are provided to dispel myths created by that campaign.

Mumia Abu-Jamal: The Crime, the Case, the Cause, the Facts, from Philly.Com.

Thorough discussion of the murder of Daniel Faulkner, the trial and appeal of Mumia Abu-Jamal, and the intense international attention drawn to the case. Conscious effort to present both sides of the issues, with loads of links.

Spotlight on Mumia Abu-Jamal with links from 4Anything.Com.

Free Mumia Abu Jamal (Pennsylvania)

Tribute to Police Officer Daniel Faulkner (Victim of Mumia Abu Jamal)

"The Meaning of Mumia," by Millie Barnet. (Sonoma County Free Press)

"Learn More About Mumia Abu-Jamal." (Sonoma County Free Press)

"My Visit With Mumia - A Tale of Espionage," by Janice Leber. (Sonoma County Free Press)

"Live From Death Row," by Mumia Abu-Jamal. (Excerpts from Yale Law Journal 1991)

The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal: Refuse and Resist

Mumia Abu-Jamal News Service from Afrikan.Net.

DEAD MAN WALKING

Frontline: Angel on Death Row: The Real Life Cases of "Dead Man Walking"

Speech by Sister Helen Prejean on the Death Penalty (1995)

Live Nun Talking: An Interview with Sister Helen Prejean

Sister Helen Prejean and Dead Man Walking (Salon Magazine)

Keynote Address by Sister Helen Prejean at the Conference on Dying in Prisons and Jails.)

Dead Man Walking and Death Penalty Litigation by David George (Court TV)

Dead Man Talkin' by Dean in San Quentin on Death Row

"Michael Ross: Why a Killer Offers to Die," by Martha Elliott. (Connecticut Law Tribune, April 29, 1996)

"Using Execution as Public Suicide," by David Rickard. (Log Cabin Democrat, March 14, 1999)

Nevada Death Row Prisoner Waives Appeals, Changes His Mind, Then Dies of Natural Causes. (Las Vegas Review, July 27, 1998)

"Killer's Death Wish Before Ohio Court," by Dan Trevas. (The Daily Record, September 25, 1997)

Is it State-Assisted Suicide or Just an Earlier Execution? (Ohioans to Stop Executions, March 1996)

"Quiet Death Ends Years of Debate: The Execution of The Volunteer," by Alan Johnson. (Columbus Dispatch, February 21, 1999)

"The Case of Wilford Berry Jr., The Volunteer." (Dayton Daily News/AP, February 21, 1999)

"Death By Lethal Injection: Wilford Berry's Final Hours." (News Net 5, February 18, 1999)

"North Carolina Inmate Waives Appeals, Chooses Gas," by Wade Rawlings. (Charlotte News, September 15, 1998)

Kentucky: "Murderer McQueen Executed," by Gregory Hall. (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 1, 1997)

"Condemned Prisoners Opting To Die," from the National Center For Policy Analysis. (Richard Willing USA Today, February 1999)

FAMOUS / HISTORICAL DEATH PENALTY TRIALS

The Crime Library. (Dark Horse Multimedia, Inc.)

Detailed accounts of the crime, the evidence and arguments at trial, the verdict and appeals, in scores of famous historical trials, many involving the death penalty, including: Leopold and Loeb (1924); Sacco and Vanzetti (1920); Bruno Richard Hauptmann (1935); The Rosenbergs (1951); The Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937); Charles Starkweather (1958); Charles Manson (1970-71); Jeffrey MacDonald (1979); Ted Bundy (1978-80); John Wayne Gacy (1980); Richard Ramirez, The Night Stalker (1989). (some slanted anti-government commentary)

Famous American Trials by Law Professor Doug Linder. (University of Missouri at Kansas City)

Detailed recitation of the evidence, arguments, and verdicts in 12 famous historical trials, some involving death penalty issues, including: Leopold and Loeb Trial (1924); Scopes "Monkey" Trial (1925); Rosenbergs Trial (1951); Amistad Trials (1839-1840); Bill Haywood Trial (1907); Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692); My Lai Courts Martial (1970); Scottsboro Trials (1931-1937); Dakota Conflict Trials (1862); Mississippi Burning Trial (1967); Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial (1969-70); Johnson Impeachment Trial(1868).

"Capital Punishment 101: A 20th Century History," by J.J. Maloney. (Crime Magazine, February 8, 1999)

Thorough article discussing capital punishment in the U.S. during the 20th century, summarizing the notorious trials of Sacco and Vanzetti, Bruno Hauptman, the Scottsboro Boys, the Rosenbergs, Caryl Chessman, and Karla Faye Tucker; Also outlines the rulings of the Warren and Renquist Supreme Courts.

Crimes of the Century from APBNews.Com.

Excellent feature with articles and links on famous 20th century crimes, including the McKinley Assasination, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindberg Kidnapping, Rosenburgs, Kennedy Assasination, M.L. King Assasination, Watergate, Ted Bundy, O.J. Simpson, and Oklahoma City Bombing.

The Greatest Trials of All Time. (CourtTV, 1998)

Detailed accounts of famous historical trials, some involving the death penalty, including: The Scopes Monkey Trial (1925); Sacco and Vanzetti (1920); The Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937); The Court Martial of Lt. Calley (1971), with photos and real video from CourtTV.

Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments

Oral arguments in notable United States Supreme Court cases from the Oyez Project of Northwestern University. (Real Audio format)

Woodson v. North Carolina: The Rest of the Story (November 5, 1998)

WRAL Channel 5 Raleigh, North Carolina TV News report: "Former Death Row Inmate Given Second Life By Courts," on the life of James Woodson of Woodson v. North Carolina fame, out of prison since 1991.

"The Fugitive" Case: Sam Sheppard Wrongful Imprisonment Trial. (Court TV 2000)

Up to date reports on the Sam Sheppard murder conviction and appeal in the 1950's , as well as the civil trial brought by his son against the State of Ohio trying to clear his name in the 1990's.

Recalling Other "Trials of the Century," by Calvin Woodward. (Polk Online/AP, January 10, 1999)

What is the Real "Trial of the Century?" (Channel 4000/AP, January 10, 1999)

McVeigh: Sentenced to Die (PBS Online, June 13, 1997)

The Oklahoma City Bombing Case: The Trial of Timothy McVeigh. (CourtTV, 1998)

Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report. (WashingtonPost.Com)

The Trial of the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski. (CourtTV, 1999)

The Lindbergh Case: The Trial of the Century. (Hunterdon County Democrat, 1999)

Richard Allen Davis: Jury Recommends Death in Klaas Murder. (CNN, August 5, 1996)

Sam Reese Sheppard: The Civil Trial. (CCADP)

"The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti," by Felix Frankfurter. (Atlantic Monthly, March 1927)

NOTORIOUS MURDERERS, SERIAL KILLERS

Serial Killers Exposed

Internet Crime Archives

50th Anniversary of the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.

The Serial Killer Info Site

The Serial Killers Page

Murder, Inc.

Access Manson - A Web Site Dedicated to Charles Manson.

Gary Gilmore's Home on the Web.

"Henry Lee Lucas," by Bonnie Bobit from Crime Magazine.

"Joseph Paul Franklin - Sniper Confesses," by Michael Rutledge and Dan Horn. (Cincinnati Post, April 15, 1997)

"In Cold Blood: A Dishonest Book," by J.J. Maloney. (Perry Smith and Richard Hickock)

Photos of Ted Bundy in the Morgue After Electrocution

A Gallery of Anti-Death Penalty Cartoons from Gallows.Com.

An "Electric Chair" Version of the Popular Word Game "Hangman," from Booga Hoollar.

Death Penalty Humor: Cartoon by Rich Moyer.

Photo of Federal Execution Chamber, with short commentary by "The Comedy of Michael Chaney."

Last Words of Executed Prisoners

The Lighter Side of Death Row: Last Meals of the Condemned (NY Times January 4, 1998 )

Last Meals of Executed Prisoners (1992-99) - Arizona Department of Corrections

Last Meals and Last Words of Executed Prisoners in Texas (San Antonio Express-News)

Final Meal Requests of Executed Inmates in Texas Since 1982. (Texas Department of Criminal Justice)

Death Row Online: The First Interactive Electric Chair - You Be the Executioner.

"Death Row Trivia" by Bonnie Bobit from Crime Magazine.

Electric Chair Humor

"Political Suicide: Florida Lawmaker Suggests Crucifixion. (Goofball.Com January 12, 2000)

Recipe for Capital Punishment Chili

Upper Mississippi Death Pool Rotisserie Society

Arcade Electric Chair is a Big Hit, by Kevin Cowherd. (Maryland Sun Spot, September 15, 1999)

"Battle Heats Up Over Death Row Dog." (Oregon Governor says "It's out of my hands") (Channel 6000, Nov 14, 1997)

Death Row Dog: 3 Year Old Lab Gets Reprieve from Death Sentence for Killing Rooster. (AP February 11, 1997)

"Judge Puts Execution Photos Online," by David Noack. (APBNews Oct. 1, 1999)

"Gruesome Electric Chair Photos Used in Lawsuit." (APBNews/AP July 29, 1999)

"Justices View Graphic Electric Chair Photos." (APBNews/AP April 25, 1999)

Photos of Allen Lee Davis in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution.
(Appended to Supreme Court Dissenting Opinion of Justice Shaw in Provenzano v. Moore. (Opinion #95973)

Lycos Multimedia Search of Web Pages for Death Penalty Pictures, Sounds, and Movies.

Photos of Ted Bundy in the Morgue After Electrocution

Death Penalty Drawings and Illustrations from News Art

Texas Death Row Photos by Ken Light

"Killers Lives Hang on Video Clemency Pleas," by Robert A. Phillips. (APBNews March 28, 2000)

Art From Death Row (Capital Punishment: The Ultimate Injustice).

Songs and Stories about the Death Penalty

The Death Penalty in books, films, and songs from Lorenzo and Paolo.

1996 Simmons College Media Release on Photo Exhibit by Lou Jones: "Final Exposure: Portraits from Death Row."

Abolition Art (poems and collage) from Nebraskans Against the Death Penalty.

Arizona Death Row Inmate photos.

Indiana Death Row Inmate photos.

Indiana Death Row Inmate photos. (Ft. Wayne News-Sentinel, May 28, 1997)

Florida Death Row Inmate photos.

Texas Death Row Inmate Photos.

Photos of Texas inmates executed in 1997. (Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)

Photos of Women Currently on Death Row in the United States. (ABC News)

"A Capital Punishment Comic Book," from Fowlerville, Michigan high school students.

Photos of Ted Bundy in the morgue after electrocution from TheElectricChair.com

Photos of Thomas Provenzano in Electric Chair Following 1999 Florida Execution.

Photos and Illustrations of historical methods of torture and execution from ElectricChair.Com

Photos and Illustrations of historical electrocutions from "Old Sparky" (Craig Brandon)

Photos and Illustrations of historical methods of torture and execution from Madame Guillotine.

Photos of Torture and Death Penalty Instruments From the Middle Ages to the Industrial Era.

Photos of approved execution methods. (ABC News:Reckoning the Death Penalty)

Photos/Illustrations of historical execution methods from Capital Punishments.

Some Photos/Illustrations of historical execution methods from Belleville, Illinois Diocese.

Photos/Illustrations of various methods of execution through the years, from Lorenzo and Paolo.

Illustrations/Diagrams of Federal Lethal Injection Chamber with Real Video

Photo of Federal Execution Chamber and Lethal Injection Gurney at Terre Haute, Indiana.

Electric Chair photo from News Matters Video Program.

Electric Chair and Lethal Injection Gurney photos. (Florida)

Photo of newly constructed oak Electric Chair. (Florida)

Electric Chair photo. (Georgia)

Electric Chair Photo. (Ohio)

Electric Chair Photo. (Alabama / "yellow mama")

Lethal Injection Death Chamber photo. (Oregon)

Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Texas)

Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Ohio)

Photo of Lethal Injection Chamber. (Ohio)

Photo of Lethal Injection Gurney. (North Carolina)

Photos of Death Row, the Gas Chamber and Lethal Injection table. (California)

Photo of Gas Chamber. (Mississippi)

Photo of Gas Chamber. (Arizona)

Photos of Gas Chamber. (North Carolina)

Photos of North Carolina Prison, Gurney and Execution Chamber.

Photo of Hanging Noose and Board used in 1994. (Washington)

"The Green Mile: Justice for the Developmentally Disabled. (About.Com January 6, 2000)

Complete Listing of Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries (Amnesty International)

World Map of the Death Penalty: Abolitionist & Retentionist (North America Project)

United Nations Report of the Special Rapporteur

The European Parliament asks for Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty (June 12, 1997)

A Catalog of Links to Amnesty International WWW Sites Around the World

Amnesty International on Abolishing the Death Penalty

Tyburn Tree Homepage: Public Executions in Early Modern England

Amnesty International: Towards a World Without Executions

Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Conference on the Abolition of the Death Penalty.

Amnesty International - Australia

Amnesty International - Austria

The Death Penalty: When Life Generates Death (Legally) from Lorenzo and Paolo in Italy.

Death Penalties in Palestine 1995-1997.

US Leads the World in Killing Kids (NCADP Factsheet)

Friends For Life - A U.K. Death Penalty Abolition Page

Capital Punishment - U.K.: THE Resource Site

Executions in the United Kingdom.

Overview of the Death Penalty in the World, from the Transnational Radical Party.

Toward the Abolishment of the Death Penalty in Japan by Koichi Kikuta

The Death Penalty in Japan (Keio University)

"Japan Carries Out Executions in Near-Secrecy," by Howard W. French. (NY Times on the Web, December 20, 1999)

Japan Executes 3 Prisoners by Hanging, Reports Say. (Blomberg News, June 25, 1998)

"Death Penalty Under Fire in the Philippines." by Ron Gluckman. (MSNBC, August 8, 1999)

Capital Punishment in Australia (Australia Institute of Criminology)

Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty

Bring Back Capital Punishment (Canada)

British Columbia: Anti-Death Penalty Essay from the B.C. Civil Liberties Association.

"Stop the Death Penalty in Iran - Now!" from the Iran Human Rights Working Group.

FOREIGN NATIONALS

"Death Row Debate: Is International Treaty Obeyed?," by Charles Feldman. (CNN/AP, December 28, 1998)

CNN/AP News article on the controversy surrounding the execution of non-U.S. citizens, who may have never been advised of their rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

U.S. State Department Handbook for Law Enforcement on Consular Notification and Access. (January 1998)

U.S. State Department Instructions for Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement and Other Officials Regarding Foreign Nationals in the United States and the Rights of Consular Officials To Assist Them.

Death Penalty Information Center: Foreign Nationals

List of foreign nationals on Death Row, by name, state, nationality; List of foreign nationals executed in the U.S. since 1976; Summary of arguments against death penalty on grounds of failure to notify consulate pursuant to Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; News and Updates. (Information provided mainly by Mark Warren, Amnesty International)

The Execution of Foreign Nationals. (Amnesty International USA)

List of states with foreign nationals on Death Row, by number and nationality; List of foreign nationals executed in the U.S. since 1993, by name, state, nationality, and date of execution; Short summary of arguments against death penalty on grounds of failure to notify consulate pursuant to Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

Appealing to Ethnic and Nationality Bias in Capital Trials. (5th Circuit Amicus Brief)

Amicus Brief filed in the 5th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals by the International Human Rights Clinic and the Southern Center for Human Rights, in the Texas death penalty case of Ricardo Aldape Guerra, on the issue of the Prosecution's repeated references to the defendant's Mexican origins.

Appointment With Death: The Execution of Canadian Stanley Faulder in Texas (Edmonton Journal Extra)

Six part news report from the Edmonton Journal Extra on the upcoming Texas execution of Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder. (December 8, 1998)

Texas vs. Canada: The Case of Stanley Faulder. (Canadian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty)

Detailed pages from strong anti-death penalty site, seeking clemency for Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder, with up-to-date news reports, calling for a Canadian boycott of Texas, and referring to Governor Bush as a "murderer" following the June 1999 execution, for denying clemency and daring to disagree with them.

The Case of Stanley Faulder. (Fight the Death Penalty in the USA)

Summary pages on the case of Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder, facing execution in Texas, with Canadian and U.S. State Department news reports.

"Adding Insult to Injury - the Case of Joseph Stanley Faulder." (Amnesty International, November 1998)

Short Amnesty International report on the upcoming Texas execution of Canadian foreign national Stanley Faulder, alleging trial irregularities and denial of consular assistance.

"U.S. High Court Seeks Opinion in Paraguayan Execution." (Reuters, April 9, 1998)

Short news report on the request of Paraguay and the U.N. World Court to halt the Virginia execution of Paraguayan national Angel Francisco Breard.

"Execution Raises Legal Fears for Americans Abroad," by Chris Kline. (CNN, April 16, 1998)

CNN News article discussing the fears by Americans abroad of retaliation in response to the Virginia execution of a Paraguayan foreign national, Angel Francisco Breard.

"Angel Francisco Breard: Facing Death in a Foreign Land." (Amnesty International, March 1998)

Amnesty International report on the upcoming execution of Paraguayan forign national, Angel Francisco Breard, in Virginia. Summary of case, appeals, and arguments relating to failure of notification.

"Schroeder Urges Clemency for U.S. Death Row Germans." (CNN, February 9, 1999)

News article on the request of German Chancellor Schroeder for President Clinton to grant clemency to the LaGrand brothers, on Arizona Death Row for a 1982 murder/bank robbery.

"U.S. Violations of International Treaty Result in Death Penalty for Some Foreign Nationals." (American Observer, October 15, 1997)

News report on the treatment of foreign nationals in the United States following the Virginia execution of Mexican foreign national, Mario Benjamin Murphy, in September 1997. (American University)

STATE / REGIONAL SITES

State Death Penalty Links (Rick Halperin and Joan Brett, SMU)

State by State Death Penalty Information (DPIC)

Where to Find State Death Penalty Information (Stephanie Gibson, University of Baltimore)

State Departments of Correction Homepages (PrisonActivists.Org)

State Departments of Correction Homepages (Inmate.Com)

State Departments of Correction Homepages (LaptopGina.Com)

Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (Eaton County Prosecutor)

Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys, Attorneys General, and U.S. Attorneys on the Net. (BC Law)

The Abolitionist Directories: Anti-Death Penalty Organizations (State & Local)

Alabama: "Injustice," from the Patrick Crusade.

"Alabama's Unusual Laws Keep State's Death Row Ever-Growing," by John Peck. (Huntsville Times, July 11, 1999)

Alabama: "High Court Rejects Challenge to Electric Chair." (APBNews/AP February 22, 2000)

Alabama: Victims Father Using Replica of Electric Chair to Protest. (Alabama Live/AP March 20, 2000)

Alaska: Focus on the Death Penalty (Univ Alaska Anchorage)

Arizona Department of Corrections: Death Row Inmates with photos and factual summaries of cases.

Arizona: Coalition of Arizonans to Abolish the Death Penalty (CAADP).

Arkansas Department of Corrections: Death Row by name, race, gender, date and county of conviction.

Arkansas: Helping Death Row Prisoners in Arkansas.

California Anti-Death Penalty Focus of California

California Dept. of Corrections (Death Row and Execution Procedures)

California Coalition for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (CCADP)

California Public Defender Home Page

California: Conditions on San Quentin Death Row

California Survey on the Death Penalty.

Coloradans Against the Death Penalty.

Connecticut: United Students Against the Death Penalty.

Delaware Department of Correction (History, Executions, and Death Row)

Delaware: "Not in My Name" - An Open Letter to the Delaware Attorney General.

"Delaware Lawyer Sentenced to Death," by Todd Spangler. (Go News/AP, March 16, 1999)

Florida Department of Corrections Death Row Fact Sheet, Current Death Row, Executions, Statistics.

Florida Death Penalty Process Under Scrutiny

Florida: Suit Filed Alleging Death Defense is a Sham (1998 National Law Journal)

Florida: Prisoner Support Anti-Death Penalty Site (Electric Chair/Gurney photos)

Florida: "Death Penalty Referendum Stirs Debate," by Curtis Krueger. (St. Petersburg Times, October 16, 1998)

Florida Inmates Can Now Choose Method of Execution. (APBNews January 15, 2000)

Florida editorial suggesting change to Lethal Injection. (Jacksonville.Com January 13, 1998)

Georgia Capital Punishment (Georgia Department of Corrections)

Georgia: Southern Center for Human Rights Death Penalty Information

"Illinois Puts Executions on Hold." (APBNews/AP January 31, 2000)

"Illinois Governor Picks Death Penalty Panel." (APBNewws/AP March 9, 2000)

"Failure of the Death Penalty in Illinois," by Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills. (Chicago Tribune November 1999)

Illinois Coalition Against the Death Penalty

Illinois: Against the Illinois Death Penalty - Nine Lives: The MacArthur Justice Center

Illinois: A Call for a Death Penalty Moratorium (Loyola Univ)

Illinois: Death Row Inmates Allege Abuse at Menard Correctional Facility. (CCADP)

Illinois: Condemned Unit Inmates (Illinois Department of Corrections)

Indiana: Clark County Prosecuting Attorney

Indiana: "Spending Their Lives Waiting to Die," by Mike Dooley. (Ft. Wayne News, May 28, 1997)

Indiana Public Defender Commission: Reimbursement for Capital Defense.

Indiana Anti-DP Organizations Directory

Indiana Directory of Prosecuting Attorneys

Indiana: Web Site Soliciting Protests at the Upcoming Clemency Hearing of Tommie Smith. (1996)

Indiana: Racism, Repression, and the Death Penalty in the Indiana Prison System (inmate site)

Indiana: The Voice of Indiana's Political Prisoners. (New Afrikkan)

Iowans Against The Death Penalty

Iowa: "Death Penalty Issue Demands Information." (Iowa Anti-Death Penalty Editorial, January 15, 1997)

Kansas Death Penalty Guide for 1998

Kansas: Amendment Spells End of Death Penalty in Kansas, Some Say." (KC Star, July 1, 1998)

Kentucky Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Kentucky: The State Sponsored Killing of Harold McQueen

Kentucky: "Murderer McQueen Executed," by Gregory Hall. (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 1, 1997)

Louisiana Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Louisiana: Tulane Students Visit Death Row with Amnesty International. (Hullaballoo News, April 24, 1998)

Maryland Department of Correction: Capital Punishment in Maryland

Maryland Coalition Against State Executions

Maryland: Report Of The Governor's Commission On The Death Penalty. (April 27, 1994)

Massachusetts ACLU

Massachusetts: Anti-Death Penalty Action Team

Massachusetts Death Penalty History and Facts. (Massachusetts Department of Corrections)

Massachusetts: Boston College Law Against the Death Penalty.

The Minnesota Death Penalty Project

Mississippi ACLU: The Death Penalty in Mississippi

Western Missouri Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Missouri Initiative to put Death Penalty on the Ballot. (The Maneater, March 1, 1996)

Missouri: "Shall Suffer Death," a book by Death Row prisoner A. J. Bannister.

Montana Abolition Coalition

Nebraskans Against the Death Penalty

Nebraska ACLU Death Penalty Press Releases 1997-99.

"Low IQ Gets Nebraska Man Off Death Row." (APB News.Com, June 30, 1999)

Nevada: 85 Remain on Death Row (Las Vegas Review-Journal (October 5, 1998)

New Hampshire's House Votes to Abolish Death Penalty. (Concord Monitor/AP March 10, 2000)

New Jerseyans for a Death Penalty Moratorium.

New Jersey: Judge Orders Death Sentence Commuted to Life if Appeals Not Completed Within 5 Years (May 1999)

New Jersey Death Row Inmate Robert Simon Killed in Prison Fight. (Nando Media/AP 1999)

"New Hampshire Considers Abolishing Unused Death Penalty," by Robert Phillips. (APBNews March 10, 2000)

New Mexico Coalition to Repeal the Death Penalty

New York Capital Plea Bargaining Statute Struck Down (1998 National Law Journal)

"New York Governor Seeks Changes in Death Penalty Law," by Daniel Wise. (New York Law Journal, May 12, 1999)

New York University Law Students Against the Death Penalty.

North Carolina and the Death Penalty. (North Carolina Department of Correction)

North Caolina People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (PFADP)

North Carolina: A Student's Bill to Reform the Death Penalty in North Carolina

North Carolina: "Staring Down Death: Visiting the Execution Chamber," by Mary Carmichael.

"North Carolina Drunk Drivers on Death Row?," by Geraldine Sealey. (ABCNews.Com March 20, 2000)

Ohio: Status Reports on all Capital Cases in Ohio (Ohio Attorney General)

Ohio: Death Row Inmates by name, race, age, county, and date of admission.

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction: Capital Punishment in Ohio

Ohioans To Stop Executions

"Ohio Carries Out First Execution in 36 Years," by Larry Roberts (World Socialist, February 23, 1999)

"Ohio's Death Row Population is one of Largest." (Akron Beacon-Journal, February 20, 1999)

Oklahoma Department of Corrections: Capital Punishment in Oklahoma

"Oklahomans Favor Death Penalty by 75%-15%," by Bobby Ross, Jr. (The Oklahoman March 12, 2000)

Oklahoma Death Penalty Institute

Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

The Death Penalty in Oregon (Oregon Department of Correction)

Oregon Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Pennsylvania: "The Madness of Life on Pennsylvania's Death Row." (Salon Magazine, September 1998)

Pennsylvania: "Judge Acquits Death Penalty Protesters," by Michael Riccardi. (The Intelligencer, June 10, 1999)

Pennsylvania: Short Report on Visit to Death Row by Cynthia Blumenthal.

South Carolina: Capital Punishment and Death Row (South Carolina Department of Corrections)

Tennessee Coalition to Abolish State Killing (TCASK)

Tennessee Public Defenders Death Penalty Home Page

Tennessee: "Death Row Inmate (Philip Workman) Says He's Praying for Governor." (AP, November 6, 1998)

Texas Department of Criminal Justice: Death row history, facts, executions and death row.

Texas: History, Executions, Death Row (San Antonio Express-News)

Texas Execution Procedures and History from Women Speak Out.

Texas: "Death and Texas," with photos and case summaries of inmates executed in 1997.(Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, December 1998)

"Why Texas is the Execution Capital" (Christian Science Monitor, December 1998)

Texas: Inmates' Legal Representation Questioned (U.S. News Online, August 16, 1999)

"Why is Texas #1 in Executions" by Ned Walpin (PBS Frontline)

Texas: Dallas Morning News Death Penalty Forum.

Texas: The Escape of Death Row Prisoner Martin Gurule. (ABCNews.Com November 1998)

Texas: Death Row Inmate Gets New Trial, Attorney General Missed Deadline. (Abeline News, November 8, 1997)

Texas: The Execution Machine - Texas Death Row, an HBO Film. (Texas Observer, October 10, 1997)

"Texas Executes 200th Person Since 1982." (APBNews/AP January 13, 2000)

Texas: The Secret World of the Texas Parole Board. (Austin360.Com)

Texas: Killing Without Mercy - Clemency Procedures in Texas. (Amnesty International, June 1999)

Texas: Outgoing Attorney General Says Death Penalty Biased. (Corpus Christi Times, December 21, 1998)

Texas: "Shadow Figures: A Portrait of Life on the Row," by Suzanne Donovan. (mother Jones Newswire, July 30, 1997)

Texas: Body in river was death-row escapee Martin Gurule (AP December 1998)

Texas: Ethics Updates, The Insanity of the Death Penalty in Texas by Stephan Holman

Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Texas Amnesty International Against the Death Penalty in Texas and the U.S.A..

Texas: NPR Real Audio. A typical execution day in the city of Huntsville. (20 min.)

Virginians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty

Virginia: The Men on the Row.

Virginia Death Row Information Web Site

Washington Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty

Washington: Recent Executions

Wisconsin Coalition Against the Death Penalty Fund, Inc.

Wisconsin: Hangman's Work Here Changed Law (Don Jensen, Kenosha News)

Wisconsin Senator Feingold Calls for Abolition of the Federal Death Penalty. (November 11, 1999)

Wisconsin: Testimony Against Reinstatement of Death Penalty in Wisconsin

Federal Death Penalty (DPIC)

Factsheet and history of the death penalty in the federal system, including summaries of recent changes.

Federal Death Penalty History

Brief history and status of the federal death penalty and death row from the Salt Lake Tribune.

Bureau of Justice Statistics: Capital Punishment 1993-98

Yearly publication of the U.S. Department of Justice with detailed statistics and history of the death penalty in the U.S.; Federal laws providing for the death penalty; Method of Execution in the federal system; Number of federal and military executions and inmates held on current federal death row. (Availability of report lags approximately one year behind.)

Capital Defense Network

Online assistance for the federal capital defense lawyer, at trial, on appeal, or on habeas. Overview of federal death penalty statutes, brief bank, litigation guides, listing of legal research sites, summaries of death penalty opinions, upcoming training and seminars.

Federal Death Penalty Cases: Recommendations on the Cost and Quality of Defense - U.S. Judicial Conference

Recommendations prepared by the Judicial Conference of the United States, Committee on Defender Services, Subcommittee on Federal Death Penalty Cases, concerning the cost and quality of defense representation in federal death penalty cases.

Lethal Injection: Federal

Brief summary of federal lethal injection procedures and the death chamber at Terre Haute, Indiana, with illustrations and a Real Video description, from the Salt Lake Tribune.

McVeigh, Other Inmates Moved To Death Row

Brief Reuters news story on moving 20 federal death row prisoners to Terre Haute, Indiana, the designated execution site for all federal prisoners. (June 14, 1999)

Special Confinement Unit Opens at USP Terre Haute (Bureau of Prisons Press Release, July 13, 1999)

Brief Press Release from the Federal Bureau of Prisons on the opening of the Special Unit at Terre Haute, Indiana, to "provide humane, safe, and secure confinement of male offenders who have been sentenced to death by the Federal courts.

Photo of Federal Execution Chamber.

Photo of Lethal Injection Execution Room and Gurney in the federal penetentiary at Terre Haute, Indiana, with short commentary provided by "The Comedy of Michael Chaney."

U.S. Death Penalty - United States Code

United States Code sections dealing with the federal death penalty by the Tarlton Law Library at the University of Texas.

"Racial Disparity on Federal Death Row," by William D. Matthewman. (NACDL, June 1996)

Opinion page from The Champion, a publication of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.

12 Men on Federal Death Row, But No Executions Yet

Short Rocky Mountain News story by Karen Abbott during McVeigh trial, summarizing federal death row laws and procedures. (June 4, 1997)

"Complex Appeals Process Delays Federal Executions - McVeigh," by Terry Frieden. (CNN, 1997)

CNN news article discussing the process of requesting the death penalty and executions in the federal system, noting the long delays since the last execution 34 years ago.

"The Federal Death Squad: Who Decides Who Should Die?" by Leo Skolnik. (Legal Times, June 7, 1999)

Legal Times news article descibing how the U.S. Department of Justice decides who is charged and tried for capital murder, and who isn't, under the newly expanded federal capital punishment law.

"Death Sentence Under Federal Law Upheld." (USA Today/AP, June 21, 1999)

Short article discussing the U.S. Supreme Court Opinion affirming the 1995 death sentence of Louis Jones in Texas, the first federal prisoner sentenced to death under the new 1994 death penalty law.

"Death in Lewis County." (About.Com July 20, 1999)

Short article on the filing of a federal death penalty case in West Virginia, a state that abolished the death penalty in 1965 and has not executed anyone since 1959.

"Dirty Details: Executing U.S. Soldiers During WW II," by J. Robert Lilly, Northern Kentucky University. (November 28, 1995)

Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers during World War II. It describes the crimes, defendants and victims for 18 military executions that took place in England, 1943-1945.

"Executing U.S. Soldiers in England, WWII: The Power of Command Influence and Sexual Racism," by J. Robert Lilly. (1995)

Scholarly paper examining the execution of U.S. soldiers in England during World War II. It describes the purpose of the executions was to control a perceived danger: the socializing of African American troops with British females, and the possible explosive violence between caucasian and African American troops.

"The Execution of Nazi War Criminals," by Kingsbury Smith.

First Person Account of the Execution by Hanging of Twelve Important Nazi Leaders by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1946.